“…Among them, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention owing to their wide range of applications in magnetic resonance imaging (Seo et al, ), drug delivery (Zhang et al, ) and hyperthermia treatment (Mornet, Vasseur, Grasset, & Duguet, ). Also, these nanoparticles (NPs) can be used for analytical applications (Fan, Wang, & Wei, ; Hussain, Alajmi, & Ali, ; Li, Liu, Zhang, Liu, & Wu, ; Ni, Chen, Dong, Tian, & Bai, ; Zhao, Liao, & Yang, ). To perform sample treatment, Fe 3 O 4 NPs play a vital role in analytical nanotechnology.…”