Synthesis and application of castor oil maleate and castor oil maleate-styrene copolymers as demulsifier for water-in-oil emulsions

Alves, Raissa S.; Maia, Dayanne L. H.; Fernandes, Fabiano A. N.; Feitosa, Filipe Xavier; Sant’Ana, Hosiberto Batista de

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117429

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…India produces approximately 0.73 metric tons annually, which represents 60% of the global castor production . Castor oil is fully soluble in alcohols and has up to 7 times higher viscosity than other vegetable oils . An issue for its direct application as a fuel is the high viscosity of crude castor oil .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 Castor oil is fully soluble in alcohols and has up to 7 times higher viscosity than other vegetable oils. 62 An issue for its direct application as a fuel is the high viscosity of crude castor oil. 63 The proportion of other fatty acids present in castor oil is 0.2% linolenic acid, 2.8% oleic, 0.7% palmitic, and 4.4% linoleic acid.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Potential Feedstocks For Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Feedstocks for Sustainable Biodiesel Production and Implementation of the Biodiesel Program in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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The energy demand of the world is skyrocketing due to the exponential economic growth and population expansion. To meet the energy requirement, the use of fossil fuels is not a good decision, causing environmental pollution such as CO2 emissions. Therefore, the use of renewable energy sources like biofuels can meet the energy crisis especially for countries facing oil shortages such as Pakistan. This review describes the comparative study of biodiesel synthesis for various edible oils, non-edible oils, and wastes such as waste plastic oil, biomass pyrolysis oil, and tyre pyrolysis oil in terms of their oil content and extraction, cetane number, and energy content. The present study also described the importance of biodiesel synthesis via catalytic transesterification and its implementation in Pakistan. Pakistan is importing an extensive quantity of cooking oil that is used in the food processing industries, and as a result, a huge quantity of waste cooking oil (WCO) is generated. The potential waste oils for biodiesel synthesis are chicken fat, dairy scum, WCO, and tallow oil that can be used as potential substrates of biodiesel. The implementation of a biodiesel program as a replacement of conventional diesel will help to minimize the oil imports and uplift the country’s economy. Biodiesel production via homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification is more feasible among all transesterification processes due to a lesser energy requirement and low cost. Therefore, biodiesel synthesis and implementation could minimize the imports of diesel by significantly contributing to the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Although, waste oil can meet the energy needs, more available cultivation land should be used for substrate cultivation. In addition, research is still needed to explore innovative solvents and catalysts so that overall biodiesel production cost can be minimized. This would result in successful biodiesel implementation in Pakistan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feasibility Of Potential Feedstocks For Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Feedstocks for Sustainable Biodiesel Production and Implementation of the Biodiesel Program in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…Among them, the chemical demulsification method has been widely studied because of its rapid and efficient demulsification. − Alves et al analyzed the demulsification activity of a demulsifier based on a synthetic chemical surfactant of castor oil and discussed the demulsification mechanism. The maximum water separation of the demulsifier was about 90% in a bottled experiment . Chen et al used propylene trimethoxy silane to wrap Fe 3 O 4 in a hyperbranched polyamide and condensation to synthesize a new magnetic-response demulsifier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Study of a New Type of Nonanionic Demulsifier for Chemical Flooding Emulsion Demulsification

et al. 2021

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The application of chemical flooding improves the stability of the produced emulsion, which reduces the demulsification efficiency of conventional demulsifiers. To improve the demulsification effect, in this paper, a new multibranched nonanionic polyether demulsifier, FYJP, was prepared by grafting carboxylate based on a nonionic demulsifier. The FYJP demulsifier could generate an initiator through p-tert-butylphenol, triethylenetetramine, and methanol, which was polymerized with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) to produce a nonionic polyether demulsifier. Sodium chloroacetate was used to modify the polyether demulsifier to obtain a new type of nonanionic polyether demulsifier. The FYJP polyether demulsifier was characterized by the hydrophilic−lipophilic balance (HLB) value, relative solubility (RSN), and surface activity of the demulsifier, and the demulsification mechanism was analyzed by a microscopic demulsification process test, and the effect of demulsifier dosage on the demulsification effect was discussed. Meanwhile, a dehydration test was carried out. The experimental results showed that the highest dehydration rate of the demulsifier was 94.7% at 85 °C, 100 ppm demulsifier dosage, 50 mL of a W/O emulsion, and 120 min demulsification time. The abovementioned studies show that FYJP is an effective demulsifier for chemical flooding emulsions, and this work promises to provide a reference for future demulsifier research.

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“…The results of characterization and performance evaluation showed that the demulsification efficiency increases with the increase in the water content. Alves et al 20 synthesized five different chemical surfactants based on castor oil and determined that the demulsification effect of MACO1 was better at 60 °C through characterization of the synthesized surfactants and the demulsification experiment of the bottle test method. Ali et al 21 synthesized a novel demulsifier P (MMA-AA-DVB)/Fe 3 O 4 magnetic submicron ion and studied the demulsification performance of the demulsifier in a heavy oil–water emulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of characterization and performance evaluation showed that the demulsification efficiency increases with the increase in the water content. Alves et al 20 synthesized five different chemical surfactants based on castor oil and determined that the demulsification effect of MACO1 was better at 60 °C through characterization of the synthesized surfactants and the demulsification experiment of the bottle test method. Ali et al 21 The block polyether demulsifier mainly consists of a polymerization reaction between an initiator and propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO) under the action of a catalyst and forms a hydrophobic block of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and a hydrophilic block of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Multibranched Block Polyether Demulsifier by Polymerization

et al. 2021

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Various flooding technologies were applied in the middle and late stages of the oilfield, which made the heavy oil emulsion receive much concern because of its high stability and separation difficulty. In our paper, alcohol molecules were used as initiators and multibranched block copolymers were synthesized through open-loop polymerization technology. A variety of novel modified block polyether demulsifiers with demulsification activity were finally synthesized through water-soluble modification and oil-soluble modification, which achieved efficient demulsification of heavy oil emulsions. Hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) values and surface tension were used to characterize demulsifiers. In addition, their demulsification efficiency was evaluated by measuring the amount of dehydration in the separated heavy oil emulsion experiments. The experimental results showed that within 5 h, the demulsification effect of the water-soluble demulsifier is better than that of the oil-soluble demulsifier. When the HLB value of the demulsifier reaches a certain value, the dehydration rate and the demulsification effect reach the highest point. When the amount of demulsifier is 50 μg/g and the demulsification temperature is 85 °C, the dehydration rate of the water-soluble demulsifier X-6 reached 91%, the water quality was clear, and the demulsification effect reached its peak. This work will provide a novel and efficient demulsifier for demulsification and dehydration of heavy oil emulsions.

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Synthesis and application of castor oil maleate and castor oil maleate-styrene copolymers as demulsifier for water-in-oil emulsions

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Overview of Feedstocks for Sustainable Biodiesel Production and Implementation of the Biodiesel Program in Pakistan

Overview of Feedstocks for Sustainable Biodiesel Production and Implementation of the Biodiesel Program in Pakistan

Synthesis and Study of a New Type of Nonanionic Demulsifier for Chemical Flooding Emulsion Demulsification

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Multibranched Block Polyether Demulsifier by Polymerization

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