Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate from Fossilized Calcareous Shells for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Calcium phosphate nanostructured biomaterials are a new class of biomaterials, they are clinically promising for bone tissue reconstitution. That is because this new class of biomaterials provides new microstructural features, nanostructural, surface area and micropore grains of different conventional biomaterials capable of offering new expectations in the bone tissue reconstitution and formation process [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Studies performed in vivo by different authors indicate these bioceramics as innovative biomaterials and may, in the near future, present themselves as biomaterials which can replace conventional biomaterials autogenous, alogenous and exogenous treatments on bone structure of the human skeleton. The calcium phosphate compositions produced from natural raw materials also have being promising for biomedical applications for these new biomaterials that have physical morphology and biological characteristics very similar to the bone tissue [4, 5, 6].

Part II - Microstructural and Physical of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Obtained from Natural Raw Materials

“…The powders were synthesized by the wet method, providing calcium phosphate powders as described by [6,9]. The calcium phosphate powders were compacted in a metal matrix with dimensions of 3mm in height and 5mm in diameter, with compression load applied to 40MPa.…”

Part I - Sinterability of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Obtained from Fossilized Calcareous Shells for Biomedical Applications

“…The powders used in this work were obtained by wet synthesis method as described by [5,6]. The calcium phosphate powders were compacted in a metal matrix with dimensions of 3mm in height and 5mm in diameter, the compression load applied to 40MPa.…”

“…Aluminium presence in the X-ray fluorescence results can be explained by the milling shells process, which was carried out with alumina balls. In addition, other elements were found in small amounts, shown in Tables 2 and 3, derived from calcareous shells, these elements are characteristics of the shells, fossilized with the time [5,12,13]. The biomaterials features with these elements can be favorable, improving the application in vivo due the biological response to cellular activity, osseointegration, osteoinduction and bone formation [5,14,15].…”

“…These bioceramics can be produced with natural or synthetic materials. The fossilized calcareous shells are natural raw materials, basically formed by calcium carbonate and applied as natural precursor for calcium phosphate powder synthesis [3,4,5,6].…”