Glass and bioactive glass–ceramic can be used in several applications. In bone growth where good bone/biomaterial adhesion was required, bioactive coatings for implants can improve bone formation. The glass and glass–ceramics of the LZS (Li2O‐ZrO2‐SiO2) system are very interesting because of their mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Very recently, their biological response in contact with human osteoblast has been evaluated. However, despite several initiatives, there are still no studies that systematically assess this system's bioactivity, dissolution, and cytotoxicity in vitro. This work aims to investigate the dissolution, bioactivity behavior, and cytotoxicity of LZS glass–ceramic. LZS glass–ceramics were produced from SiO2, Li2CO3, and ZrSiO4 by melting followed by quenching. The obtained glass frits were milled and uniaxially pressed and heat‐treated at 800 and 900°C and submitted to physical–chemical, structural and mechanical characterization. Their dissolution behavior was studied in Tris–HCl, while bioactivity was performed in simulated solution body fluid (SBF). The cytotoxicity test was performed using glass–ceramic in direct contact with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (SC) isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Structural and microstructural analyzes confirmed bioactivity. The results show that it was possible to produce bioactive glass–ceramic from LZS, proven by the formation of new calcium phosphate structures such as hydroxyapatite on the surface of the samples after exposure to SBF. The SC viability test performed indicated that the materials were not cytotoxic at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ml. The glass–ceramic system under study is very promising for a medicinal application that requires bioactivity and/or biocompatibility for bone regeneration.

The present research paper centers on physicochemical characterization of six nanostructured alloplastic bone substitutes developed at Santa Catarina State University (UDESC Brazil). In addition to identifying the main phases, the focus was to measure the morphological and microstructural features, which are believed to be crucial for controlling and guiding biological and molecular events. The studied samples exhibited rounded granules measuring 200μm 10(PO4)6(OH)2] was found as main phase for HAp, BCP and HAp/Al2O3 biomaterials. For HAp/TiO2n, HAp/SiO2n and β-TCP, the major phase was beta tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2-β]. The results demonstrate that the presence of a second phase of nanometer order, at a hydroxyapatite bioceramic matrix, may modify the surface diffusion of the grains and the phase transformation kinetics of hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium phosphate at temperatures up to 1100°C.

Calcium phosphates biocements are biomaterials that present crystallographic and mineralogical characteristics similar to human skeletal structure. This has led to the development of new calcium phosphates biomaterials for biomedical applications, especially biomaterials for repairing defects and bone reconstruction. Calcium phosphates biocements are a promising alternative in biomedical applications, for they are easy to mold, they have good wettability, hydration and hardening capacity during its application in biological environment. This work aimed at the synthesis of hydrated calcium phosphates powder, precursor to late biocements development. Three calcium phosphates compositions were produced via CaCO3/phosphoric acid reactive method in the ratios Ca/P = 1,5; 1,6 e 1,67 molar. The presented results are associated to hydrated powder morphology and synthesis process control. Field Electronic Microscope helped with the morphological characterization of the powders, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) gave support to the identification of H2O e PO43- grouping vibrational bands and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) served on crystallographic characterization of hydrated calcium phosphates. The work showed that for the different powder compositions the hydrated calcium phosphate phase is formed by clustered fine particles. This demonstrated that the chosen synthesis method permits the obtaining nanoparticles of hydrated calcium phosphates, precursors for later biocement production.

Titanium-based composites with bioactive phases were produced with TiH2and 10% in volume of calcium phosphate. The mixtures were prepared either by conventional powder metallurgy processing or by ultrasound, dried in a rotary evaporator, pressed at 600 MPa and vacuum-sintered at 1200 °C for 2 hours. Crystal phases of the as-fabricated composites are found to be α-Ti, CaTiO3and TixPyphase (s). The TixPyand CaTiO3phases resulted from the reaction between titanium and tricalcium phosphate at about 1130 °C. Calcium phosphate was better dispersed by ultrasound leading to a higher compressive strength of the composite and a more uniform Ca-P deposition in simulated body fluid solution.

Calcium phosphate nanostructured biomaterials are a new class of biomaterials, they are clinically promising for bone tissue reconstitution. That is because this new class of biomaterials provides new microstructural features, nanostructural, surface area and micropore grains of different conventional biomaterials capable of offering new expectations in the bone tissue reconstitution and formation process [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Studies performed in vivo by different authors indicate these bioceramics as innovative biomaterials and may, in the near future, present themselves as biomaterials which can replace conventional biomaterials autogenous, alogenous and exogenous treatments on bone structure of the human skeleton. The calcium phosphate compositions produced from natural raw materials also have being promising for biomedical applications for these new biomaterials that have physical morphology and biological characteristics very similar to the bone tissue [4, 5, 6].