The design of artificial receptors
with a specific recognition
function and enhanced selectivity
is highly desirable in the electrochemical sensing field, which can
be used for detection of environmental pollutants. In this facet,
metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) featured adjustable porosities
and specific host-guest recognition properties. Especially, the large
hydrophobic cavity formed in the porous MOFs may become a potential
artificial receptor. We herein designed a new porous MOF [Zn2(L)(IPA)(H2O)]·2DMF·2MeOH·3H2O (Zn-L-IPA) by using a functionalized sulfonylcalix[4]arene
(L
1
) and isophthalic acid (H2IPA) (DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide).
The specific pore size and pore shape of Zn-L-IPA made
it efficiently selective for absorption of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS). Therefore, a rapid, highly selective, and ultrasensitive electrochemical
sensing platform Zn-L-IPA@GP/GCE was fabricated by using Zn-L-IPA as a host to recognize and absorb bisphenol guests
(GP = graphite powder, GCE = glassy carbon
electrode). Most strikingly, the extremely low detection limits were
up to 3.46 and 0.17 nM for BPA and BPF,
respectively, using the Zn-L-IPA@GP/GCE electrode. Furthermore,
the “recognition and adsorption” mechanism was uncovered
by density functional theory with the B3LYP function. This work offered
a prospective strategy for selective absorption and detection of harmful
bisphenols with the MOF-based porous material.