Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide-Carbon Supercapacitors

Abstract

It is shown that composite Ru oxide-carbon based supercapacitors possess superior energy and power densities as compared to bare carbon. An electroless deposition process was used to synthesize the ruthenium oxide-carbon composites. Ru is dispersed on the carbon matrix as small particles. The effect of electrochemical oxidation and temperature treatment on the material performance has been studied extensively. Increasing the oxidation temperature reduces the proton transport rate and also increases the degree of crystallinity of the deposits. This adversely affects the performance of the composite. Loading a small amount of Ru oxide ͑9 wt %͒ on carbon increases the capacitance from 98 to 190 F/g.

Inkjet printing of single-walled carbon nanotube/RuO2 nanowire supercapacitors on cloth fabrics and flexible substrates

“…2(a) and 2(b)), which can be attributed to the low ESR of the hybrid RuO 2 nanowire/printed SWNT nanostructured films. The shape of these CV curves is also different from that of the printed SWNT supercapacitors, due to the pseudocapacitance contributed by RuO 2 nanowires via electrochemical protonation [36],…”

Studies on activated carbon capacitor materials loaded with different amounts of ruthenium oxide

“…The pH and bath temperature were controlled to prevent precipitation of Ru. The bath composition and deposition conditions have been reported previously [16]. The amount of carbon used for deposition was kept constant (1 g).…”

“…Sato et al [15] reported a 20% increase in speci®c capacitance by loading 7.1 wt.% Ru in activated carbon. In a previous publication, [16] we reported results from a RuO 2 ±C composite synthesized using an electroless deposition technique. It is seen that Ru is dispersed on the carbon matrix in the form of very small particles.…”

Preparation and characterization of RuO2/polyaniline/polymer binder composite electrodes for supercapacitor application

“…One strategy includes the different RuO 2 preparation methods [4,[8][9][10][11][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], whereas several authors recognized the importance of both intra-and inter-particle electronic conductivities and prepared the composite materials of RuO 2 with various forms of carbon [6,18,19,[27][28]. It was observed that nano-structured RuO 2 particles were decisive factor in achieving the high gravimetric capacitance [29,30].…”