Synthesis and characterization of lead-free K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ferroelectrics by sol–gel technique

Characterization of sol–gel synthesised lead-free (1−x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–xBaTiO3-based ceramics

“…In comparison with other techniques, the sol-gel process has shown considerable advantages, including excellent chemical stoichiometry, compositional homogeneity, and lower crystallization temperature due to the mixing of liquid precursors on the molecular level [17][18][19]. With this point of view, in the present work the (1 − x)Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 compositions were prepared by a sol-gel route.…”

Electrical properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3

“…The system shows two dielectric loss peaks with the relaxor characteristic in a low temperature region from −173 • C to 25 • C. Yang et al [21], from the ferroelectric properties of KBT thin films prepared on p-type Si (1 1 1) substrate suggest that the material is a promising one for application in FRAMs. Hou et al [22] synthesized KBT by sol-gel technique and prepared high-density ceramic samples sintered at 1050 • C. Their studies indicate relaxor behavior with dielectric maximum around 380-400 • C. Hiruma et al [23] report the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of hot pressed KBT ceramics. Their structural studies indicate X-ray density of 93% and impurity peaks such as K 2 Ti 6 O 13 in ordinary firing method.…”

Lead-free Bi-based complex perovskite nanowires: Sol–gel-hydrothermal processing and the densification behavior

“…Compared with nanowires synthesized by the sol-gelhydrothermal process, the KBT powders synthesized at 700°C by the conventional sol-gel method consist of the aggregated spherical particles. The detailed morphology characterization can refer to the literatures [55][56][57]. The above results highlight the particulate morphology of the crystallized KBT particles in the sol-gel-hydrothermal process.…”

“…It can be seen clearly that for the normal sol-gel method, until the temperature increased to 650°C, only the pyrochlore phase of Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 can be detected and there was no trace of KBT perovskite. In order to obtain the pure KBT phase, the temperature as high as 700°C is needed [57]. So, it is a breakthrough that the synthesizing temperature of KBT perovskite in sol-gel-hydrothermal method was decreased more than 500°C compared to that required in the conventional sol-gel technique.…”