Synthesis and characterization of Li4Ti5O12

Influence of Li addition on charge/discharge behavior of spinel lithium titanate

“…This material accommodates Li-ions with a theoretical capacity of 175 mAh g −1 with excellent cyclability and displays a mid-discharge platform approximating 1.55 V vs. Li/Li + [4,[7][8][9]. In most studies, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 powders or thin films have been successfully synthesized using solid-state reaction [10,11], electrostatic spray deposition [12], ball-milling [13,14], sol-gel method [9,15], spray-drying/pyrolysis [1,4,7,16,17], and colloid templated method [18]. The as-grown Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 products exhibited specific energy density as high as the theoretical capacity in the voltage range of 2.5-1.0 V vs. Li/Li + , demonstrating active hosts for the Li + intercalation and de-intercalation.…”

Preparation and characterization of Li<inf>1.4</inf>Al<inf>0.4</inf>Ti<inf>1.6</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>3</inf> conducting electrolyte

“…The weight loss between approximately 250°C and 500°C corresponds to the residual surfactant decomposition and combustion of organic components and the elimination of residual carbons. Results indicate that to obtain desired product, samples should be calcined at a minimum temperature of 550°C [19][20][21][22]. …”

Neutron diffraction study of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 at low temperatures

“…Lattice strains upon cycling are considered as one of the primary important reasons for capacity fades in lithium-ion battery electrodes, because of contact losses and transport limitations. The "zero-strain" property is, therefore, a key factor for the outstanding cycling stability of LTO anodes [3][4][5][6]. However, in contrast to graphitic anodes, LTO possesses two main disadvantages: a lower specific capacity and a higher redox-potential for the negative electrode, resulting in a lower cell voltage.…”