The
fraction of gauche conformers of N,N-dimethylsuccinamic acid (1) and
its Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and N(Bu)4+ salts were estimated
in DMSO and D2O solution by comparing the experimental
vicinal proton–proton couplings determined by 1H
NMR spectroscopy with those calculated using the Haasnoot, de Leeuw,
and Altona (HLA) equation. In DMSO, the gauche preferences
were found to increase with decreasing Ahrens ionic radius of the
metal counterion. The same trend was not seen in D2O, where
the gauche fraction for all of the metallic salts
were estimated to be approximately statistical or less. This highlights
the importance of metal chelation on the conformation of organic molecules
in polar aprotic media, which has implications for protein folding.