Synthesis and evaluation of a novel antibacterial dental resin composite with quaternary ammonium salts

Abstract

The novel quaternary ammonium bromide (QAB)-containing oligomers were synthesized and applied for developing an antibacterial resin composite. Compressive strength (CS) and S. mutans (an oral bacteria strain) viability were used to evaluate the mechanical strength and antibacterial activity of the formed composites. All the QAB-modified resin composites showed significant antibacterial activity and mechanical strength reduction. Increasing chain length and loading significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity but dramatically reduced the CS as well. The 30-day aging study showed that the incorporation of the QAB accelerated the degradation of the composite, suggesting that the QAB may not be well suitable for development of antibacterial dental resin composites or at least the QAB loading should be well controlled, unlike its use in dental glass-ionomer cements. The work in this study is beneficial and valuable to those who are interested in studying antibacterial dental resin composites

A Novel Antibacterial Dental Resin Composite

“…The antibacterial resin composite was prepared as described previously [20]. Briefly, the composite was formulated with a two-component system (liquid and powder).…”

“…The schematic structures of BisGMA, BisEMA and UDMA are shown in Figure 1. The untreated glass powders (Herculite XRV, 0.7 microns) were used as fillers and treated with γ-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate as described else-where [20]. A filler level at 75% (by weight) was used throughout the study.…”

“…The antibacterial test was conducted following the published procedures [20]. S. mutans was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the studied composites.…”

“…All these studies found that the QAS-containing materials did exhibit significant antibacterial activities. However, our recent study found that incorporation of QAS into dental resin composites can significantly decrease mechanical strengths due to its strong hydrophilic characteristics, if the amount added is beyond a certain limit [20]. In addition, it has been reported that human saliva can significantly reduce the antibacterial activity of the QAS-containing restoratives, probably due to electrostatic interactions between QAS and proteins in saliva [21][22].…”

Antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of boron-containing dental composite

“…In this manner, several antibacterial compounds, including chlorhexidine (Leung et al, 2005), chitosan (Kim and Shin, 2013), fluoride (Wiegand et al, 2007), metal nanoparticles (Kassaee et al, 2008;Aydin Sevinç and Hanley, 2010), methacryloyloxy dodecyl pyridinium bromide (Imazato et al, 1995), and quaternary ammonium salts (Li et al, 2013), have been introduced into dental restorative materials. Although these materials have good antibacterial properties, they also have some limitations: they can reduce mechanical strength even at low concentrations, their antibacterial properties can be short-lived due to the sudden release of the material from the medium, and they can be toxic to the surrounding tissue if the dose or release is not properly arranged (Beyth et al, 2006;Weng et al, 2011). Hence, the development of novel, safe, biocompatible, durable, and effective antibacterial dental restorative materials is still the subject of international research.…”