Synthesis and Evaluation of Grafted EVAL as Pour Point Depressant for Waxy Crude Oil

Ren, Yongwen; Fang, Long; Chen, Zhaojun; Du, Hui; Zhang, Xiaodong

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01169

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The addition of an alkyl side chain to grafted EVAL could boost wax solubility and encourage it to adsorb and crystallise with wax molecules. (Ren et al, 2018) Poly Octadecyl Methacrylate and Poly Octadecyl Methacrylate-Co-Methylmethacrylat Compared to pure base oil, the pour points of most homopolymer and copolymer base oils declined. The pour points of 70 percent octadecyl methacrylate units were reduced by 15°C.…”

Section: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (Pmsq) Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraffin wax deposition and its remediation methods on crude oil pipelines: A systematic review

Elarbe

Elganidi

Ridzuan

et al. 2021

Maejo Int. J. Energ. Environ. Comm. or MIJEEC

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Due to low-temperature circumstances, precipitation and paraffin wax deposition in manufacturing pipes and transportation tubes from offshore to onshore are significant challenges in the oil and gas sector. It may cause a reduction in output, a shutdown, pipeline blockage, and increased fluid viscosity. The most often used method for resolving this problem is to inject a wax inhibitor into the channel. Most current studies about paraffin wax are disseminated in literary works or exist as tacit knowledge in professional crania. This review research aims to exchange information and fulfil the deficits caused by providing a complete overview of the chemistry of paraffin wax precipitation and accumulation and causes, processes, and detection. It also discusses the overall impacts of paraffin wax deposition, how to deal with it, and several cleaning options. It also includes a conclusion and beneficial tips.

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Section: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (Pmsq) Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraffin wax deposition and its remediation methods on crude oil pipelines: A systematic review

Elarbe

Elganidi

Ridzuan

et al. 2021

Maejo Int. J. Energ. Environ. Comm. or MIJEEC

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“…The effectiveness of EVA copolymers as pour point depressants can be substantially improved by free-radical grafting using alkyl methacrylates ( Scheme 2 ) [ 128 , 129 ]. This reaction was used for the modification of partitional hydrolyzed EVA copolymers [ 130 ]. The effectiveness of grafted EVA copolymers was studied for mixtures with poly (methacrylates); see Section 4.5 .…”

Section: Polymer Additives For Bdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

Nifant’ev

Ivchenko

2021

Polymers

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In recent decades, biodiesel has been explored as a prospective comparable fuel to petroleum diesel for compression ignition engines. However, several drawbacks have limited the wide application of biodiesel as motor fuel, and the poor cold-flow property is one of the major problems. This problem is compounded by the diversity of the biodiesel characteristics arising from a variety of chemical compositions of biodiesel from different sources. Among the methods investigated to improve the cold-flow properties of biodiesel, the use of additives seems highly promising. Despite the significant number of publications, the potential of this method is still far from having been completely discovered or exploited. In the present review, we briefly describe the sources, chemical composition, and physico-chemical characteristics of the main types of biodiesel. Next, we discuss the examples of the use of different polymer additives for the improvement of the cold-flow characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel/petroleum diesel blends. Additionally, we tried to assess the prospects of the polymer additives to enhance biodiesel performance. The main conclusion of this survey is that innovative and high-efficiency cold-flow improvers for biodiesel should be further developed.

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“…The polymeric additives are used to improve the properties of the diesel fuel by decreasing the solid point and cold filter plugging point, improving the cold flow properties of the diesel fuel. This is realized by altering the behavior of the crystals by decreasing the formation of wax networks. , Alkyl methacrylate is a well-studied polymer used in diesel or oil, − EVA, , olefins, − and maleic anhydride polymers − and other types. − The alkyl with a long chain and groups with polarity is able to change the structure and shape of wax crystals. The efficiency of the polymeric additives might be enhanced by control over the ratio between the nonpolar chain and the polar groups. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is realized by altering the behavior of the crystals by decreasing the formation of wax networks. 24 , 25 Alkyl methacrylate is a well-studied polymer used in diesel or oil, 26 − 28 EVA, 29 , 30 olefins, 31 − 33 and maleic anhydride polymers 34 − 36 and other types. 37 − 40 The alkyl with a long chain and groups with polarity is able to change the structure and shape of wax crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study between a Copolymer Based on Oleic Acid and Its Nanohybrid for Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Diesel Fuel

et al. 2023

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The as-synthesized copolymer based on the prepared monomers and its nanohybrid were used for improving the cold flow of diesel fuel that has a vital role in meeting energy needs. The copolymer (AE) was created using the prepared monomers, by free radical solution polymerization of the prepared hexadecylmaleamide and octyloleate ester, and the polymer nanohybrid (NH) was created by emulsion polymerization of the same monomers with 1% nano-SiO2. The chemical structures of the copolymer and its nanohybrid were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through exploring the effect of the nanohybrid, before and after adding the dosage of the additives to the diesel fuel, the pour point temperature (PPT), rheological characteristics, and viscosity index were measured. The data were the best for the nanohybrid; the PPT decreased from −3 to −36 °C upon adding 10,000 ppm nanohybrid but decreased from −3 to −30 °C for 10,000 ppm copolymer. In addition, the efficiency of the additives was proved by viscosity–shear rate and shear rate–shear stress curves to give the apparent viscosity, which decreased from 124 cP for the blank to 15.74 and 12.8 cP for AE and NH, respectively; also, the yield stress decreased from 576 D/Cm2 for the blank to 541.44 and 477.9 D/Cm2 for AE and NH, respectively, at room temperature. The viscosity index increased from 116 for the blank to 119 and 121 for the copolymer and the nanohybrid, respectively. Polarizing optical microscopy was performed to show more tiny and separated wax upon adding the additives. The findings showed that delayed crystal precipitation and altered crystal shape with the NH and AE greatly reduced low-temperature viscosity and enhanced the cold flow characteristics of the diesel fuel.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Grafted EVAL as Pour Point Depressant for Waxy Crude Oil

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Paraffin wax deposition and its remediation methods on crude oil pipelines: A systematic review

Paraffin wax deposition and its remediation methods on crude oil pipelines: A systematic review

Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

Comparative Study between a Copolymer Based on Oleic Acid and Its Nanohybrid for Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Diesel Fuel

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