Synthesis and structural properties of coconut husk as potential silica source

Anuar, Muhammad Fahmi; Fen, Yap Wing; Zaid, Mohd Hafiz Mohd; Khaidir, Rahayu Emilia Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2018.08.018

Cited by 112 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Silica was extracted from RHA using alkaline methods according to the method described by Kalapathy et al and Anuar et al to dissolve silica in RHA and obtained sodium silicate (Kalapathy et al, 2000;Okoronkwo et al, 2013;Anuar et al, 2018). First, 5 g of RHA was placed in a three-neck round-bottom flask, and an alkaline solution was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk Ash: Comparing HCl and CH3COOH Acidification Methods and Various Alkaline Concentrations

Dhaneswara¹,

Fatriansyah²,

Situmorang³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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High purity silica has been successfully synthesized from rice husk ash (RHA) by alkaline extraction using the reflux process followed by acidification. For this study, rice husk was burned in an electric furnace at 700°C for 5 hours to produce RHA. The RHA was refluxed using sodium hydroxide with concentrations of 1.25×10-3 M (equal to 5% NaOH) and 2.5×10-3 M (equal to 10% NaOH). The acidification process was performed using hydrochloric acid (HCl) 1 M and acetic acid (CH3COOH) 1M to produce silica gel. Then, the silica gel was heated to 120°C for 12 hours to produced silica. The characterization of silica was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method, and X-ray diffraction. The results show HCl acidification produced silica of a higher purity than that produced by CH3COOH acidification. The higher concentration of sodium hydroxide led to higher purity of silica. Based on X-ray diffraction, the silica extracted from RHA was found to be amorphous, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry revealed bending and stretching vibrations of Si-O and Si-O-Si. The silica extracted by HCl acidification had a surface area of 236 m 2 /g, a total pore volume of 0.54 cc/g, and an average pore diameter of 9 nm. The silica extracted by CH3COOH acidification had a surface area of 204 m 2 /g, a total pore volume of 0.43 cc/g, and an average pore diameter of 8.4 nm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk Ash: Comparing HCl and CH3COOH Acidification Methods and Various Alkaline Concentrations

Dhaneswara¹,

Fatriansyah²,

Situmorang³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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show abstract

“…Tables 5 and 6 denote the chemical composition of oil palm leaves and the different biomass by which silica was successfully extracted. [103] Conventionally, the primary routes for producing amorphous silica from agricultural biomass are thermo-chemical [104,105] and hydrothermal methods [106]. It is worth highlighting here that alternative amorphous biogenic silica manufacturing methods from biomass as the starter was available for the past two decades.…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SiO2 + 2NaCl + H2O 2Silica is widely employed as a precursor for different materials in synthetic chemistry application to produce smart materials. This includes thin film or coating for electronic [112], catalysts [2,19] and optic materials [103,113], as well as applications in fields of chromatography [114] and ceramics, and as an anti-corrosion agent [115]. Moreover, employment of high purity silica for industrial manufacturing can be quite a costly affair due to its high 1700 °C melting point.…”

Section: Sio2 + 2naohmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Renewable Polymers from Agro-industrial Biomass: A Mini Review

Wahab

Gowon²,

Elias

2019

J. Idn. Chem. Soc.

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Plant biomass is the most abundant natural resources on earth. However, current strategies for the utilization of agricultural biomass is far from efficient, thus environmental issues related to incompetent management of biomass prevail. Innovative handling of surplus biomass can yield several rewards, which includes renewability and sustainability of the commodity as feedstock for industrial and energy purposes. In fact, an array of different parts of a plant or agro-industrial biomass, for instance, shell, husks, wood, and leaves were successfully converted into advanced carbon materials, for use as absorbent, catalyst enzyme support, electrode, etc. In this review, an extensive literature survey related to areas of renewable sources of biopolymer in both the agricultural and industrial sectors were performed. Information on their industrial value and uses, the fundamentals of their extraction alongside the benefits and major drawbacks of their utilization, are also highlighted. We aim to show that the smart utilization of unwanted agro-industrial biomass encompasses a portion of a bigger scheme that intelligently uses biomass to complement current agricultural advancements that create smart crops and growing them using cleverly designed technology. The best part of this “Waste to Wealth” concept is that every part of the crop is fully utilized. However, a set of clear criteria must be in place to ensure a sustained momentum, so that the green approach of responsible biomass utilization will be fully embraced by nations worldwide.

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“…It has a large potential for use in power plants, due to availability and low price. At present, CH is used as domestic fuel, a fiber source for ropes, for biochar production, and as potential silica source [9,10]. [8].…”

Section: Coconut Huskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases during coconut husk combustion based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations

Jerzak

Kuźnia

2019

E3S Web Conf.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to predict coconut husks (CH) combustion products have been carried out in this work. The selected type of biomass belongs to problematic fuels due to the fibrous structure preventing its grinding, and high chlorine content. The calculations results showed, that the combustion temperature for the tested range of 600-1000°C clearly affects the concentrations of chlorine species in the flue gas. When the temperature was below 820°C, the highest concentration had HCl(g), and above 820°C KCl(g). The chlorine was also present in ash, as KCl-NaCl-RbCl solid solution, when the combustion temperature T <700°C, and KCl-NaCl-K2SO4-Na2SO4 liquid solution, when 600 <T <960 °C. High content of chlorine in ash from CH combustion at T = 650°C has been confirmed experimentally. Speciations of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases we investigated also during flue gas cooling from 1000 to 400°C. Major condensed phase composition were dominated by alkali metal salts in both solid and liquid phase states. Finally, we presented sixteen eutectic points for different binary systems calculated in the FactSage software.

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Synthesis and structural properties of coconut husk as potential silica source

Cited by 112 publications

References 29 publications

Synthesis of Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk Ash: Comparing HCl and CH3COOH Acidification Methods and Various Alkaline Concentrations

Synthesis of Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk Ash: Comparing HCl and CH3COOH Acidification Methods and Various Alkaline Concentrations

On the Renewable Polymers from Agro-industrial Biomass: A Mini Review

Speciation of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases during coconut husk combustion based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations

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