Synthesis, characteristic of a novel flame retardant containing phosphorus and its application in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)

Abstract

SUMMARYA novel flame retardant (SPDH) containing phosphorus was synthesized through the reaction of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ) and synthesized intermediate product 3,9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro(5.5)undecane-3,9-dioxide (SPDPC). The structure and properties of SPDPC and SPDH were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After blending with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), the flame-retardant properties of EVA/SPDH composites were estimated by cone calorimeter, limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 tests, whereas the thermal stabilities were investigated using TGA. The morphological microstructure of the char formed by EVA/SPDH composite after combustion in cone calorimeter was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the flame retardant and thermal stability were improved by incorporation of SPDH. The rich foamy char layers were observed from the residues after combustion in a cone calorimeter, which exactly benefits the improvement of thermal stability and flame retardant property of materials.

Preparation of highly efficient flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin by exerting the fire resistant effect in gaseous and condensed phase simultaneously

“…Figure presented the C 1s , N 1s , O 1s , and P 2p spectra of the char residue. As shown in Figure A, the peaks at 286.1, 285.5, and 284.7 eV corresponded to the C─O, C─H, and C─C bonds, respectively . The N 1s spectra and the peak at 399.2 eV given in Figure B was assigned to C─N bond .…”

“…As shown in Figure 9A, the peaks at 286.1, 285.5, and 284.7 eV corresponded to the C─O, C─H, and C─C bonds, respectively. 29 The N 1s spectra and the peak at 399.2 eV given in Figure 9B was assigned to C─N bond. 10 The O 1s spectra was revealed in Figure 9C, and the peaks at 531.5, 532.8, and 533.7 eV were ascribed to C─O─C, P─O─P, and P═O bonds.…”

Recent Advances in Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyolefin Cable Sheath Materials

“…When 25 wt.% of them was added, the LOI value reached 28.8% with V-0 grade in UL-94 test. Moreover, Wang et al [ 99 ] synthesized a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant (SPDH) via the interaction of synthesized intermediate product SPDPC with 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ). When the content of SPDH was 40 wt.%, an LOI value of 24.6% and a V-0 classification in UL-94 test were achieved.…”

Preparation of expandable graphite with silicate assistant intercalation and its effect on flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate composite

“…However, EVA is flammable and a melt dripping behavior can be observed along with the combustion , hence it is necessary for EVA to be incorporated with some flame retardant (FR) systems for reducing fire hazards and improving flame retardancy. As an effective FR, halogen‐containing FRs have been used in flame retarding materials . However, the obvious defects that releasing smoke and toxic gas limit their extensive use.…”

“…The IFR system is normally composed of three components: an acid source [e.g., ammonium polyphosphate (APP)], a carbonization agent [e.g., pentaerythritol], and a blowing agent (e.g., melamine) . Recently, as a novel HFFR intumescent additive, a char‐forming agent, a blowing agent and smoke suppressant, the graphite intercalation compound (GIC)—expandable graphite has been applied widely in the flame retarding polymers such as polyolefin blends , polylactide , poly (methyl methacrylate) , and particularly in polyurethane(PU) and PU coatings . Some researches found that the expandable graphite doped other traditional FRs, such as polyphosphate and layered double hydroxide, made PU exhibit a better flame retardancy, whose decomposition temperature, char residue, smoke release were affected by the additional FRs…”