Synthesis of a carbon nanotubes/ZnAl-layered double hydroxide composite as a novel flame retardant for flexible polyurethane foams

Xie, Hongyan; Ye, Qing; Si, Jingyu; Yang, Wei; Lu, Hongdian; Zhang, Quan-Zheng

doi:10.1002/pat.3735

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A possible mechanism underlying the improvement in thermal stability properties and flame retardant performance is that the AMO-LDH‒OCNT hybrid could not only promote char formation, but also mechanically reinforce the char structure as well as increasing the graphitization degree of the char. All these factors make the char act as a physical barrier to retard the transfer of volatile products from the interior of the polymer matrix, and effectively insulate the underlying polymer from the heat source 39 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered double hydroxide-oxidized carbon nanotube hybrids as highly efficient flame retardant nanofillers for polypropylene

Gao

Zhang

Williams

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Aqueous miscible organic layered double hydroxides (AMO-LDHs) can act as organophilic inorganic flame retardant nanofillers for unmodified non-polar polymers. In this contribution, AMO [Mg3Al(OH)8](CO3)0.5·yH2O LDH–oxidized carbon nanotube (AMO-LDH–OCNT) hybrids are shown to perform better than the equivalent pure AMO-LDH. A synergistic effect between the AMO-LDH and OCNT was observed; this endows the hybrid material with enhanced flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. The thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) was significantly enhanced by adding AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids. For PP mixed with AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids to produce a composite with 10 wt% LDH and 2 wt% OCNT, the 50% weight loss temperature was increased by 43 °C. Further, a system with 10 wt% of AMO-LDH and 1 wt% OCNT showed a peak heat release rate (PHRR) reduction of 40%, greater than the PHRR reduction with PP/20 wt% AMO-LDH (31%). The degree of dispersion (mixability) between AMO-LDH and OCNT has a significant effect on the flame retardant performance of the hybrids. In addition, the incorporation of AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids led to better mechanical properties, such as higher tensile strength (27.5 MPa) and elongation at break (17.9%), than those composites containing only AMO-LDH (25.6 MPa and 7.5%, respectively).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered double hydroxide-oxidized carbon nanotube hybrids as highly efficient flame retardant nanofillers for polypropylene

Gao

Zhang

Williams

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…In recent years, layered compounds, such as α‐ZrP, graphene, layered metal double, hydroxide and MoS 2 , have often been considered as flame retardants to reduce fire hazard . Among them, α‐ZrP is one of the most important layered compounds and has been widely used as a flame retardant to reduce fire hazard of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of α‐zirconium phosphate by zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8 and its effect on improving the fire safety of polyurethane elastomer

Liu

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel type of ZIF‐8/α‐ZrP (zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8/α‐zirconium phosphate) hybrid was obtained through surface modification of α‐ZrP by ZIF‐8 and was characterized. Subsequently, ZIF‐8/α‐ZrP was added to polyurethane elastomer (PUE) by simple blending, and the thermal behavior, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression properties of the ZIF‐8/α‐ZrP hybrid on PUE were studied. Compared with pure PUE, the test results showed that the char yield of the ZIF‐8/α‐ZrP/PUE composite at 700°C and its Tg values were increased, respectively. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of the ZIF‐8/α‐ZrP/PUE composite decreased by 69.6% and 45.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, its smoke production rate and total smoke production decreased by 59.3% and 40.5%, respectively. The improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression were primarily ascribed to the physical barrier and catalytic carbonization effects of α‐ZrP. Furthermore, the metal oxide decomposed by ZIF‐8 could further facilitate the production of char residue and raise the compactness of the char layer.

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“…A vast number of reports describing the enhancement of the fire behavior of polyurethane foams have appeared. The effects of adding phosphorus-based agents [26,27,28], intumescent compounds [29,30,31,32], inorganic or hybrid layered materials [33,34,35] and other bio-based flame retardants [36,37,38] have been discussed. However, the research and development of flame retardant styrenic foams [39,40,41,42] has received little attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Phosphorus Flame Retardant System on the Mechanical and Fire Behavior of Microcellular ABS

et al. 2018

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The present work deals with the study of phosphorus flame retardant microcellular acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) parts and the effects of weight reduction on the fire and mechanical performance. Phosphorus-based flame retardant additives (PFR), aluminum diethylphosphinate and ammonium polyphosphate, were used as a more environmentally friendly alternative to halogenated flame retardants. A 25 wt % of such PFR system was added to the polymer using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, microcellular parts with 10, 15, and 20% of nominal weight reduction were prepared using a MuCell® injection-molding process. The results indicate that the presence of PFR particles increased the storage modulus and decreased the impact energy determined by means of dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis and falling weight impact tests respectively. Nevertheless, the reduction of impact energy was found to be lower in ABS/PFR samples than in neat ABS with increasing weight reduction. This effect was attributed to the lower cell sizes and higher cell densities of the microcellular core of ABS/PFR parts. All ABS/PFR foams showed a self-extinguishing behavior under UL-94 burning vertical tests, independently of the weight reduction. Gradual decreases of the second peak of heat release rate and time of combustion with similar intumescent effect were observed with increasing weight reduction under cone calorimeter tests.

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Synthesis of a carbon nanotubes/ZnAl-layered double hydroxide composite as a novel flame retardant for flexible polyurethane foams

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Layered double hydroxide-oxidized carbon nanotube hybrids as highly efficient flame retardant nanofillers for polypropylene

Layered double hydroxide-oxidized carbon nanotube hybrids as highly efficient flame retardant nanofillers for polypropylene

Surface modification of α‐zirconium phosphate by zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8 and its effect on improving the fire safety of polyurethane elastomer

Effects of a Phosphorus Flame Retardant System on the Mechanical and Fire Behavior of Microcellular ABS

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