“…In the majority of sol-gel syntheses, the metal is introduced in the form of a soluble salt, then reduced to form small metal particles in situ through annealing, gaseous reduction, or through photochemical reactions, [3,[8][9][10] although there are some alternative strategies for particle doping such as ion implantation [11,12] and sputtering. [1] However, all these physical and chemical methods suffer the same inherent limitations: there is very limited control of the nucleation process, the final particle size, the particle polydispersity, and the particle shape.…”