Synthesis of Crystalline Black Phosphorus Thin Film on Sapphire

Li, Cheng; Wu, Ye; Deng, Bingchen; Xie, Yujun; Guo, Qiushi; Yuan, Shaofan; Chen, Xiaolong; Bhuiyan, Mansurul; Wu, Ziqi; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Wang, Hailiang; Judy, J.; Snure, Michael; Fei, Yingwei; Xia, Fengnian

doi:10.1002/adma.201703748

Cited by 102 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Top‐down methods such as mechanical cleavage and liquid exfoliation do not seem to work, and bottom‐up methods practiced in conversion from RP to BP may offer a brighter future. For example, Li et al have recently reported the growth of polycrystalline BP on sapphire substrates with large crystal domain size (70 µm) and high mobility at room temperature (160 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) . However, the current on/off ratio is low (≈9) due to the large thickness (≈50 nm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thin‐film BP is continuous up to 600 µm with the crystal domain size up to 70 µm. More importantly, the field‐effect mobility is up to 160 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at room temperature, which is comparable to mechanically exfoliated BP transistors, suggesting a great leap to the realization of large‐scale, high‐quality BP devices for practical applications …”

Section: From Bulk To 2dmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Black Phosphorus and Recent Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications

Sun

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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The rapid development of the semiconductor industry calls for the exploration of novel semiconductors to cater to modern technical and commercial needs. Recently, black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a new class of 2D semiconducting material and has attracted intensive research attention. The high carrier mobility and tunable direct bandgap of BP deliver great promise in photonic and optoelectronic device applications. Furthermore, the unique intrinsic anisotropy arising from the puckered structure can be exploited in the design of new devices. This review briefly introduces the history of BP and puts emphasis on recent advances pertaining to its optical properties and applications in the photonic and optoelectronic fields. From the perspective of mass production and practical use of BP, some of the research challenges and opportunities are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Bulk To 2dmentioning

confidence: 93%

Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Black Phosphorus and Recent Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications

Sun

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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“…However, much effort has been paid on solving their stability and improving the device's performance . Additionally, highly crystalline thin‐film BP on 5 mm sapphire substrates has been successfully synthesized . Therefore, BP with a narrow bandgap and high mobility becomes the most promising 2D material that could be applied to sense the IR photons at room temperature.…”

Section: Room‐temperature Ir Photon Detectors Based On Atomic Layer Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Infrared Photons at Room Temperature: From Bulk Materials to Atomic Layers

Wang

Xia

et al. 2019

Small

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Room-temperature operating means a profound reduction of volume, power consumption, and cost for infrared (IR) photodetectors, which promise a wide range of applications in both military and civilian areas, including individual soldier equipment, automatic driving, etc. Inspired by this fact, since the beginning of 1990s, great efforts have been made in the development of uncooled thermal detectors. During the last two decades, similar efforts have been devoted using IR photon detectors, especially based on photovoltaic effects. Herein, the proven technologies, which have been commercialized with a large format, like InGaAs/InP pin diodes, InAsSb barrier detectors, and high-operating-temperature HgCdTe devices, are reviewed. The newly developed technology is emphasized, which has shown unique superiority in detecting mid-wavelength and long-wavelength IR signals, such as quantum cascade photodetectors. Finally, brand-new concept devices based on 2D materials are introduced, which are demonstrated to provide additional degrees of freedom in designing and fabricating room-temperature IR devices, for example, the construction of multi-heterojunctions without introducing lattice strain, the convenient integration of optical waveguides and electronic gratings. All information provided here aims to supply a full view of the progress and challenges of room-temperature IR detectors.has its own IR radiation characteristic which contains a wealth of information. For thousands of years, people have studied the visible light as the sensory spectrum of the human eye is only 380-740 nm. But for the invisible IR, people did not know it until the British astronomer Herschel discovered it with a blackened mercury thermometer over 200 years ago, since then the IR technology had developed slowly because people were not aware of the importance of IR in the next 100 years. [1,2] During World War II, PbS IR detectors for the first time were applied on battleships as a "top-secret" instrument, thus people began to focus research on IR technology. In comparison with visible, IR technology has unique characteristics:better environmental adaptability, stronger anti-interference ability, and higher resolution capability. With advantages of working at night or in harsh weather, transmitting information securely, and identifying the camouflaged target accurately, the IR detectors have been researched and widely applied in military, national defense, bioscience, and other momentous fields. [3][4][5] In the historical development of IR photo detectors, the response spectral is being extended to longer wavelengths; the pixels of imaging have been expanded from single element to tens of millions; the operating temperatures of cooled IR detectors are being increased to be closer to room temperature. [6][7][8] Nowadays, the remote IR imaging becomes clearer; the noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of IR detection systems can reach 10 mK [9] or even lower; and IR detection systems become more and more integrated. [10] However, most high-...

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“…Xia's group made progress in 2015, reporting an approach to synthesize millimeter‐sized thick BP films (tens of nanometers in thickness), but with a low sample quality . Later, the same group largely improved the quality of synthesized BP films, with a carrier mobility up to 160 cm 2 (V s) −1 at room temperature . So far, it is still quite challenging to directly synthesize thin‐layer BP with a large area and high quality, requiring further efforts and is long‐waiting for the applications of BP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

Wang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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In the fast growing 2D materials family, anisotropic 2D materials, with their intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy, exhibit a great potential in optoelectronics. One such typical material is black phosphorus (BP), with a layer‐dependent and highly tunable bandgap. Such intrinsic anisotropy adds a new degree of freedom to the excitation, detection, and control of light. Particularly, hyperbolic plasmons with hyperbolic q‐space dispersion are predicted to exist in BP films, where highly directional propagating polaritons with divergent densities of states are hosted. Combined with a tunable electronic structure, such natural hyperbolic surfaces may enable a series of exotic applications in nanophotonics. Herein, the anisotropic optical properties and plasmons (especially hyperbolic plasmons) of BP are discussed. In addition, other possible 2D material candidates (especially anisotropic layered semimetals) for hyperbolic plasmons are examined. This review may stimulate further research interest in anisotropic 2D materials and fully unleash their potential in flatland photonics.

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Synthesis of Crystalline Black Phosphorus Thin Film on Sapphire

Cited by 102 publications

References 48 publications

Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Black Phosphorus and Recent Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications

Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Black Phosphorus and Recent Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications

Sensing Infrared Photons at Room Temperature: From Bulk Materials to Atomic Layers

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

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