Synthesis of Dendramines, Dendramides and Their New Application in the Oil Industry

Abstract

A series of dendramines and dendramides have been synthesized and some of their “anti‐freeze” properties in diesel fuels have been tested, showing that these compounds are good oil additives for reducing the wax‐like crystals which block the fuel filters.

Study of some anionic surfactants as pour point depressants additives for a waxy gas oil

“…The wax deposition inhibitors are polymeric compounds that are constituted of a hydrocarbon chain which provides the interaction between among additive, paraffin and a polar segment that is responsible for the wax crystal, morphology modification inhibiting the aggregation stage for this reason, such inhibitors are known as wax crystals modifiers (Purohit et al, 2003;Caro et al, 1997;Anand et al, 2003;Roomi et al, 2004). Several polymers which can be used as PPDs and/or flow improvers for middle distillate fuels are varied greatly and belong to different chemical groups, such as long alkyl chain fatty acid esters (Garcia et al, 1998) polyacrylate, polymethacrylate (Lewtas et al, 1991), alkyl furmatrate vinyl acetate copolymers (El-Gamal et al, 1991) dendramines, and dendramides (Katrizky et al, 1997) and star shaped alkyl carbonates (El -Gamal et al, 1992;Doheim et al, 2001;Khidr and Omar, 2003).…”

Effect of Superbasic Ionic Liquids on the Synthesis of Dendritic PolyaminesviaAza-Michael Addition Reaction

“…An excess of acrylonitrile allows obtaining products with high conversions of amine ,. Katritzky synthesized various nitriles with the addition of acetic acid as a catalyst and water as promoter . The yields of nitriles reached 90%.…”

Symmetrical Tertiary Amines: Applications and Synthetic Approaches

“…In 1997 a similar reaction pathway was used by Katritzky and co‐authors to prepare dendrimeric amine structures for their use as fuel additives. [ 221 ] NH 3 instead of NaOH was used as an additive at the hydrogenation step.…”