Synthesis of esters: Development of the rate expression for the Dowex 50 Wx8-400 catalyzed esterification of propionic acid with 1-propanol

Ali, Sami H.; Tarakmah, Alia; Merchant, Sabiha Q.; Al-Sahhaf, Taher A.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2007.03.017

Cited by 127 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similarly, Ali et al [24] have found that the enthalpy of reaction was equal to -6.4 kJ/mol and the equilibrium constants decreased as the temperature increased while studying the esterification of acetic acid with 2-propanol. The same trend was observed by Song et al [4] for the methyl acetate synthesis with the enthalpy of reaction equal to -6.5 kJ/mol.…”

Section: Determination Of Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Kinetic study of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Sert

Atalay

2009

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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The kinetics of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol in the presence of sulfated zirconia was studied. Several kinetic models were tested to correlate the kinetic data. The experimental data was represented by the Eley-Rideal mechanism and it is found that sulfated zirconia is suitable for this reaction since the activation energy reduced from 58.0 to 49.2 kJ/mol. The liquid phase esterification of butanol with acetic acid was carried out in a batch reactor at temperatures of 328, 333, 338 and 343 K, with an alcohol to acid molar ratio of 1. The equilibrium constants were determined in separate experiments at 328, 333, 338 and 343 K and calculated as 29.9, 29.3, 28.6 and 28.0, in order. Before these kinetic and equilibrium runs, the catalyst was prepared by impregnating zirconia with H 2 SO 4 . The prepared catalyst was characterized by thermal analysis, XRD, SEM, BETsurface area and IR analysis.

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Section: Determination Of Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Kinetic study of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Sert

Atalay

2009

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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“…Yadav and Thathagar, Yadav and Kulkarni, Sami et al and Delgado et al studied different esterification reactions without membrane, and showed that acid conversion increased with increasing the alcohol to acid molar ratio [12,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Effect Of Initial Reactants Molar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 97%

Incorporation of vapor permeation process to esterification reaction of propionic acid and isopropanol for performance improvement

Ameri

Moheb

Roodpeyma

2011

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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A commercial tubular zeolite membrane (NaA) was employed in a vapor permeation system to dehydrate the reaction mixture during the esterification of propionic acid with isopropanol. The reaction was performed in a batch reactor, using Amberlyst 15 as a catalyst with different weight fractions relative to propionic acid. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the alcohol-to-acid molar ratio on the performance of the hybrid process. The integration of the chemical reaction with the vapor permeation process significantly enhanced the conversion of the reversible esterification reaction. It was observed that contrary to the effect of increasing alcohol-to-acid molar ratio from 1 : 1 to 1.5 : 1, the acid conversion and the permeated water flux decreased when the reactants molar ratio increased from 1.5 : 1 to 3 : 1. This effect was due to the reducing effect of reaction mixture composition on the boiling point and reaction and evaporation rates during the hybrid process. Also, increasing catalyst loading had noticeable influence on the acid conversion and the permeated water flux.

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“…Propionic acid has several uses but its primary application is in the preservation of food grains and animal fodder [24]. Its other applications include the manufacturing of esters [25], herbicides [26], and pharmaceuticals [27]. Moreover, it was found that propionic acid was a major byproduct in the oxidation of light distillate fuel to produce acetic acid in the petrochemical industry [23].…”

Section: Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Production and Separation of Carboxylic Acids for Biorefinery Applications

2017

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Carboxylic acids are traditionally produced from fossil fuels and have significant applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and fuel industries. Significant progress has been made in replacing such fossil fuel sources used for production of carboxylic acids with sustainable and renewable biomass resources. However, the merits and demerits of each carboxylic acid processing platform are dependent on the application of the final product in the industry. There are a number of studies that indicate that separation processes account for over 30% of the total processing costs in such processes. This review focuses on the sustainable processing of biomass resources to produce carboxylic acids. The primary focus of the review will be on a discussion of and comparison between existing biochemical processes for producing lower-chain fatty acids such as acetic-, propionic-, butyric-, and lactic acids. The significance of these acids stems from the recent progress in catalytic upgrading to produce biofuels apart from the current applications of the carboxylic acids in the food, pharmaceutical, and plastics sectors. A significant part of the review will discuss current state-of-art of techniques for separation and purification of these acids from fermentation broths for further downstream processing to produce high-value products.

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Synthesis of esters: Development of the rate expression for the Dowex 50 Wx8-400 catalyzed esterification of propionic acid with 1-propanol

Cited by 127 publications

References 20 publications

Kinetic study of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Kinetic study of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Incorporation of vapor permeation process to esterification reaction of propionic acid and isopropanol for performance improvement

Biochemical Production and Separation of Carboxylic Acids for Biorefinery Applications

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