Synthesis of FeTi from mixed oxide precursors

Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Titanium-Bearing Compounds to Titanium-Silicon Alloys in Molten Calcium Chloride

“…Consequently, a large number of research initiatives are actively trying to address the problem of high production costs by searching for alternative processes. A number of processes have been developed in recent years [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], such as the FrayFarthing-Chen (FFC) Cambridge process [4], the OnoSuzuki (OS) process [5] and the solid oxide oxygen-ion conducting membrane (SOM) process [6,14,15]. However, only a few studies have involved in the direct electrochemical reduction of complex multi-component titaniumbearing compounds to titanium and/or titanium alloys [11,13].…”

Low-temperature sol–gel synthesis of nanosized pseudobrookite crystals without heat treatment

“…Pseudobrookite-type synthesized nanomaterials are, as a rule, characterized by amorphous structure that does not exhibit photocatalytic and catalytic activity [2,10]. Annealing at temperatures above 400°C leads to an increase in photoactivity, but implies a considerable change in the formed structure due to burning out the organic phases and a decrease in adsorption capacity.…”

Mechanistic insight of electrochemical reduction of Ta2O5 to tantalum in a eutectic CaCl2–NaCl molten salt

“…The FFC process is a method to obtain metals and alloys by direct electro-deoxidation of their respective oxides or mixtures of oxides in chloride-based molten salts, which should be a much easier, less expensive and more environmentally friendly way [2,[17][18][19][20][21]. Many metals and alloys have been produced by using this process, such as Nb [17,[22][23][24], Ta [2,8,25], Ti [6,20,21,26], Al [27], Nb-Sn [18], Ni-Ti [28], Fe-Ti [29], Ce-Ni [30] and La-Ni [31,32]. Additionally, the possible mechanism for the electro-deoxidation process has been discussed [20][21]23,33,34], and some models also has been applied to understand the process [35,36].…”