Synthesis of Graphdiyne Nanowalls Using Acetylenic Coupling Reaction

Zhou, Jingyuan; Gao, Xin; Liu, Rong; Xie, Ziqian; Yang, Jin; Zhang, Shuqing; Zhang, Gengmin; Liu, Huibiao; Li, Yuliang; Zhang, Jin; Liu, Zhongfan

doi:10.1021/jacs.5b04057

Cited by 530 publications

(515 citation statements)

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“…Graphdiyne has been proposed as a promising material for application in electronic devices, energy storage, [18] gas separation, [19,20] metal-free catalysis, [21] water purification, [22,23] etc. A number of studies have examined the synthesis of this material, and graphdiyne with different morphologies [24][25][26][27] and oligomeric subunits of graphdiyne [13,28] have been achieved. Various applications of these materials have been demonstrated by taking advantage of the electrical conductivity, holetransport properties, and morphological characteristics of graphdiyne.…”

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“…[27] Details are presented in the Experimental Section in the Supporting Information. The copper substrates were removed with ferric chloride (FeCl 3 , 1 m), and the remaining products were collected.…”

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“…In addition, the peak at 2175 cm −1 is attributed to the CC stretching mode in conjugated diyne, revealing the conversion of monomers to graphdiyne through the coupling reaction and confirming the successful synthesis of graphdiyne. [27,33] The morphology of the as-prepared graphdiyne powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As shown in Figure 1b and Figure S2 (Supporting Information), the graphdiyne powder exhibits a plate-like morphology with a thickness of ≈700 nm.…”

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Graphdiyne Filter for Decontaminating Lead‐Ion‐Polluted Water

Liu

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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into the environment is essential. Various techniques have been applied to eliminate heavy metals, such as chemical precipitation, [1,2] ion exchange, [3,4] adsorption, [5] electrochemical treatment, [6] and membrane filtration. [7] Among these methods, adsorption is considered to be an effective and widely used strategy with numerous advantages, such as generality, high efficiency, relatively low cost, and possible regeneration of the adsorbent. Adsorption is realized through van der Waals forces, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, or chemical binding between metal ions and adsorbents. Much effort has been made to develop new adsorbents and improve the performance of existing adsorbents. Recently, carbon materials, such as active carbons, [8] graphene, [9] and carbon nanotubes, [10] have been regarded as promising candidates for the adsorption of heavy metal ions due to their high specific surface areas and strong interactions with metal ions. The adsorption capacity of these carbon materials toward metal ions can be significantly increased through oxidation. [11,12] Graphdiyne is a new 2D carbon material that is composed of sp-and sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms. [13,14] This material has attracted great attention due to its impressive properties, such as high carrier mobility, [15] high nonlinear optical susceptibility, [16] low thermal conductivity, [17] and uniformly distributed pores, which are defined by the atomic structure of graphdiyne. Graphdiyne has been proposed as a promising material for application in electronic devices, energy storage, [18] gas separation, [19,20] metal-free catalysis, [21] water purification, [22,23] etc. A number of studies have examined the synthesis of this material, and graphdiyne with different morphologies [24][25][26][27] and oligomeric subunits of graphdiyne [13,28] have been achieved. Various applications of these materials have been demonstrated by taking advantage of the electrical conductivity, holetransport properties, and morphological characteristics of graphdiyne. [29][30][31][32] The acetylenic links in graphdiyne strongly interact with metal ions (Figure 1a), which can be utilized to adsorb metal ions from water. This material shows a different manner of adsorption than that of carbon adsorbents examined in previous work, in which oxygen-containing groups are generally regarded as the adsorption sites. Herein, we present the almost complete removal of lead ions from water by using a The decontamination of water polluted with heavy metal ions is of worldwide concern. Among various treatment approaches to remove metal ions from water, adsorption is regarded as an efficient method, and a variety of materials have been applied as adsorbents for the removal of metal ions from polluted water. Recently, carbon nanomaterials have been examined as alternative adsorbents due to their high specific surface areas, high removal efficiency, and strong interactions with metal ions. Graphdiyne, a new kind of carbon allotrope composed of sp-and sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms...

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Graphdiyne Filter for Decontaminating Lead‐Ion‐Polluted Water

Liu

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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“…[15] Since the first synthesis of a graphdiyne film, several explorations have been made into other morphologies, such as nanowalls. [16] Because of its intriguing properties, graphdiyne has been applied in various research fields, from electronic devices to energy materials. [17][18][19][20][21] Other types of acetylenic macrocycles [22][23][24][25] continue to attract extraordinary interest for various reasons.…”

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Fabrication and Electroproperties of Nanoribbons: Carbon Ene–Yne

Jia

Zuo

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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nanoarchitectures by chemical methods. In 2010, Li and co-worker synthesized graphdiyne through an in situ cross-coupling reaction on Cu foil from hexaethynylbenzene by solvent-phase reaction. [15] Since the first synthesis of a graphdiyne film, several explorations have been made into other morphologies, such as nanowalls. [16] Because of its intriguing properties, graphdiyne has been applied in various research fields, from electronic devices to energy materials. [17][18][19][20][21] Other types of acetylenic macrocycles [22][23][24][25] continue to attract extraordinary interest for various reasons. Such carbon-rich molecules represent substructures of 2D all-carbon networks [26,27] and are potential precursors for the preparation of new carbon allotropes. [28,29] Following this result, a novel carbon material (carbon ene-yne, CEY) was synthesized from tetraethynylethene. The molecular structure unit has a high conjugated structure, which is similar to graphdiyne. We have already synthesized carbon ene-yne film on Cu foil, which has been applied in Lithium-ion half cell research. [30] Controlling the self-assembly process, 1D nanoribbons (carbon eneyne nanoribbons, CEYNRs) were obtained. Meanwhile, the Young's modulus of graphdiyne nanoribbon had already been calculated. [31] It is half of graphene nanoribbon or carbon nanotube, which means that the graphdiyne nanoribbon should be a soft organic material. Soft organic material would have more applications. A device based on nanoribbons for measurement of electrical property was fabricated and showed conductivity of 3.2 × 10 −2 S m −1 , indicating excellent semiconductor properties. Also, CEYNRs exhibit excellent field emission properties. The all-semiconducting nature of CEYNRs could bypass the problem of the extreme chirality dependence of the metal or semiconductor nature of CNTs in future electronics. [32,33] The fabrication process of carbon ene-yne nanoribbons arrays is shown in Figure 1. The Cu-pyridine complex was formed in the presence of Cu foil and pyridine, which catalyzed the coupling of alkynyl. The hydrogen bond will generate between AlO bonds of anodic aluminum oxide template (AAO) and the acetylenic hydrogen of tetraethynylethene, which leads the self-assembly of tetraethynylethene (TEE) along the AAO template. Optimizing the chemical condition of selfassembly, we obtained a series of different morphologies of CEY, such as nanoribbon and nanotube. The CEYNRs were successfully prepared in the presence of pyridine by Glaser coupling of tetraethynylethene for 3 d at 80 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. An interesting experimental phenomenon is that multiple-layer nanotube siareunzipped, which means that the width should be close to the circumference of the AAO template Carbon ene-yne nanoribbons (CEYNRs), a novel 1D material, are synthesized from tetraethynylethene by using an anodic aluminum oxide template under mild conditions. Materials characterization illustrates that carbon ene-yne is entirely composed of sp-hybrid and sp 2 -hybrid carbon. C...

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“…2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In particular, graphene has attracted major attention during the last decade, which also stimulated the studies of other 2D carbon materials such as γ-graphyne and graphdiyne ( Figure 1). 10,11,14,19,20 Atomically precise syntheses of γ-graphyne and graphdiyne remain elusive, but widely studied phenylene-ethynylene-based macrocycles can be regarded as their molecular subunits. [21][22][23][24][25] The electronic properties of 2D carbon materials are critically dependent on the composition and arrangement of the sp-, and sp 2 -, and/or sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms.…”

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A Shape-Persistent Polyphenylene Spoked Wheel

et al. 2016

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A shape-persistent polyphenylene with a “spoked wheel” structure was synthesized as a subunit of an unprecedented two-dimensional polyphenylene that we name graphenylene. The synthesis was carried out through a sixfold intramolecular Yamamoto coupling of a dodecabromo-substituted dendritic polyphenylene precursor, which had a central hexaphenylbenzene unit as a template. Characterizations by NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry provided an unambiguous structural proof for the wheel-like molecule with a molar mass of 3815.4 g/mol. Remarkably, scanning tunneling microscopy visualization clearly revealed the defined spoked wheel structure of the molecule with six internal pores.

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Synthesis of Graphdiyne Nanowalls Using Acetylenic Coupling Reaction

Cited by 530 publications

References 37 publications

Graphdiyne Filter for Decontaminating Lead‐Ion‐Polluted Water

Graphdiyne Filter for Decontaminating Lead‐Ion‐Polluted Water

Fabrication and Electroproperties of Nanoribbons: Carbon Ene–Yne

A Shape-Persistent Polyphenylene Spoked Wheel

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