Synthesis of highly active carbon-encapsulated Ni₂P catalysts by one-step pyrolysis–phosphidation for hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds

Abstract

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenolic compounds is a promising technology to convert biomass materials to value-added chemicals and fuels. However, the development of highly efficient catalysts remains a great challenge. In...

Effect of P on hydrodeoxygenation performance of Ni–P/SiO2 catalysts for upgrading of m-cresol

“…The reason may be that the acidity increased, as evidenced by NH 3 -TPD and Py-FTIR results. Similar results were also reported by Wang et al 38…”

“…The reason may be that the acidity increased, as evidenced by NH 3 -TPD and Py-FTIR results. Similar results were also reported by Wang et al 38 MCH selectivity increases first and then decreases with the increase of x, reaching a maximum of 95% at x = 1. MCH selectivity goes up with the increase of x, showing that the introduction of P can greatly promote the dehydration of 3-MCHnol due to the increased acidity (NH 3 -TPD and Py-FTIR analyses) since the dehydration of 3-MCHnol to MCH occurred mainly on acid sites.…”

“…8(b)), the peaks of Ni–P/SiO 2 -1.0 located at 129.5 and 134.9 eV correspond to P δ − in Ni 2 P and P 5+ in PO 4 . 3–64 In addition, the P δ − (129.2 eV) and P 5+ (134.4 eV) peaks show a blue shift with an increase of x from 1.0 to 2.0, 65,66 which corresponds to the red shift of the Ni δ + peak. Besides, the P δ − binding energies of Ni–P/SiO 2 - x are lower than that of elemental phosphorus (130.2 eV) as compared to the data reported by Sawhill et al 63 The above phenomenon confirms the electron transfer from Ni to P 67 in Ni–P/SiO 2 - x .…”

“…For a low initial P/Ni molar ratio ( x ) of 0.5 (Ni–P/SiO 2 -0.5), four peaks at 32.6°, 41.7°, 46.9° and 48.9° appear, which are ascribed to the (111), (021), (210), and (300) crystal planes of the Ni 12 P 5 phase (PDF#22-1190), respectively. 37 With x increasing to >1.0, a pure Ni 2 P phase can be detected at 40.6°, 44.5°, 47.1°, and 54.1° (PDF#03-0953), 38 and no additional phases are observed. The above results show that the initial P/Ni molar ratio ( x ) influences the crystalline phase of the reduced phosphide catalysts.…”

Construction of a highly active and water-resistant Ni-based catalyst for the HDO reaction of phenol

“…Ni-MOF-74/Al 2 O 3 ( x ) ( x represents Ni loading) composites with 5–50% Ni loading were first prepared via a solvothermal method according to our previous work with some slight modification. 48 Typically, 0.522 g 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic was dissolved in 35 ml THF to form solution A, and 1.306 g nickel acetate was dissolved in 35 ml deionized water to form solution B. Then A and B solutions were mixed together and further stirred at room temperature for 15 min to form solution C. A calculated amount of Al 2 O 3 for each catalyst was then added to solution C and stirred for another 15 min to form solution D. The resulting solution D was placed in a 150 ml Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, which was heated to 110 °C for 24 h. After the autoclave was removed from the oven and allowed to cool down to room temperature, the precipitates were collected by filtration, washed with water and ethanol subsequently 3 times, and dried at 80 °C for 12 h to obtain Ni-MOF-74/Al 2 O 3 ( x ) composites.…”