Synthesis of Monodispersed Perovskite Barium Zirconate (BaZrO₃) by the Sonochemical Method

Abstract

Barium zirconate (BaZrO 3 ) was synthesized successfully by the sonochemical method. The monophase of BaZrO 3 was formed completely in short irradiation time without the calcination process. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize formation of the perovskite BaZrO 3 phase, which occurs in a 60 minute single phase with a cubic crystal structure at room temperature. Therefore, sonochemical irradiation could accelerate the formation of BaZrO 3 particles significantly. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy investigated the uniform shape and size. The size distribution became narrow with increasing time, as a function of irradiation.

Phase Formation, Microstructure, and Densification of Yttrium‐Doped Barium Zirconate Prepared by the Sonochemical Method

“…The process of crystalline BYZ formation observed in this study is similar to that reported by Charoonsuk et al . for preparing barium zirconate (BaZrO 3 ) by the sonochemical method …”

“…The process of crystalline BYZ formation observed in this study is similar to that reported by Charoonsuk et al for preparing barium zirconate (BaZrO 3 ) by the sonochemical method. 37 The phase composition of the powders prepared by the sonochemical method at different ultrasonication times was further studied by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The IR spectra (Fig.…”

Sonochemical synthesis of monodispersed perovskite barium zirconate (BaZrO3) by using an ethanol–water mixed solvent

“…Then, the concentration of solution drops to an equilibrium concentration, which enters the growth process [33]. Thus, synthesis of BaZrO 3 by the sonochemical method in ethanol/water mixed solvent clearly takes a shorter irradiation time than synthesis in aqueous solution [19]. In addition, the relative content of ethanol and boiling point of solvent are other possible reasons for BaZrO 3 phase formation, as the boiling point of ethanol (78.3 1C) is lower than that for water (100 1C) [34], and so the boiling point decreases with increasing percentage by volume of ethanol.…”

“…The pure perovskite BaZrO 3 phase was seen clearly at 60 min irradiation time [19]. For the first time, this work attempted to find the effect of ethanol content in ethanol/water mixed solvents on the synthesis of perovskite BaZrO 3 product powders by changing the percentage of ethanol volume.…”

The modification of surface, size and shape of barium zirconate powder via salt flux

“…19,30 Most of the extra steps can introduce a serious problem if any contamination or loss of Ba:Zr ratio occurs. 30 Among the solution methods developed so far, recent publications from these authors also proposed sonochemical 31,32 and soft-mechanochemical methods, 33 in which calcination or heat treatment was unnecessary. It seems that smart techniques fulfill the characteristic requirements for synthesizing the extreme nm-BaZrO 3 fine powders.…”