“…BSA has been frequently used as a protein carrier in engineered immunogenic glycoconjugates and other types of biomolecular systems ( 24 ). Matrix laser desorption ionization time-of-flight data demonstrate that the tetra-BSA, hexa-BSA, and octa-BSA conjugates contained on average 11, 15, and 9 OS ligands per protein molecule, corresponding to carbohydrate contents (by weight) of 10, 19, and 16%, respectively ( 22 ).…”