Synthesis of perfluorinated ionomers and their anion exchange membranes

Liu, Xundao; Gao, Hongrong; Chen, Xiaohong; Hu, Yong; Pei, Supeng; Liang, Hong; Zhang, Yongming

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.062

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Lack of chemically stable high performance AEM ionomer. Ionomer must have high ion conductivity and stability in the alkaline environment , , , . The solubility of ionomer in low boiling point solvents that can easily be removed during the electrode preparation is an important property required for easy usage and to upscale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…We have shown that trimethylamine based AEM membrane had stable OH − conductivity of 0.11 S cm −1 at 80 °C and 100% RH under N 2 for 6 month , but conductivity decreased rapidly under oxygen atmosphere due to radicals attacks , on benzylic ternary carbon , . Lack of chemically stable high performance AEM ionomer. Ionomer must have high ion conductivity and stability in the alkaline environment , , , . The solubility of ionomer in low boiling point solvents that can easily be removed during the electrode preparation is an important property required for easy usage and to upscale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Soluble Polystyrene‐b‐poly (ethylene/butylene)‐b‐polystyrene Based Ionomer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 70 °C

2018

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A soluble ionomer based on styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene (SEBS) block polymer was synthesized with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.91 mmol g−1 and OH− ion conductivity at 100% relative humidity (RH) of 0.14 and 0.18 S cm−1 at 50 and 70 °C, respectively. The performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with SEBS ionomer was highest compared to polyvinyl benzyl chloride (PVBC) and Acta I2 ionomers at 0.5 V at both 50 °C (239 mW cm−2) and 70 °C (285 mW cm−2) using air and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) membrane. This was largely due to the lower charge transfer resistance measured for the MEA using SEBS ionomer which is due to higher IEC, better water uptake and water retention properties. Ionomer water permeability is also critical for the back diffusion and the membrane where SEBS ionomer showed large advantage over PVBC ionomer. The long‐term testing of 50 h at 50 and 70 °C also showed better durability of the SEBS compared to the commercial Acta I2 ionomer with an average performance loss of 3 mA h−1 at 50 °C. The MEAs tested at 70 °C failed after 15 h (Acta I2) and 25 h (SEBS) due to pin‐hole formation in the membrane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Soluble Polystyrene‐b‐poly (ethylene/butylene)‐b‐polystyrene Based Ionomer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 70 °C

2018

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“…ART-FTIR and NMR were adopted to confirm the molecular structure of PBFMO- b -GAP. The peaks that appeared at 1135 and 1276 cm −1 in Figure 3 were due to the C–O–C and –CF 3 stretching vibration of PBFMO, respectively [ 27 , 28 ]. The new stretching band at 2093 cm −1 was ascribed to the –N 3 from GAP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoropolymer/Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Block Copolyurethane as New Energetic Binders: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Thermal Performance

Xu¹,

Lu²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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In order to enhance the application performance of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) in solid propellant, an energetic copolyurethane binder, (poly[3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxymethyl)oxetane] glycol-block-glycidylazide polymer (PBFMO-b-GAP) was synthesized using poly[3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxymethyl)oxetane] glycol (PBFMO), which was prepared from cationic polymerization with GAP as the raw material and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as the coupling agent via a prepolymer process. The molecular structure of copolyurethanes was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The impact sensitivity, mechanical performance, and thermal behavior of PBFMO-b-GAP were studied by drop weight test, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results demonstrated that the introduction of fluoropolymers could evidently reduce the sensitivity of GAP-based polyurethane and enhance its mechanical behavior (the tensile strength up to 5.75 MPa with a breaking elongation of 1660%). Besides, PBFMO-b-GAP exhibited excellent resistance to thermal decomposition up to 200 °C and good compatibility with Al and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX). The thermal performance of the PBFMO-b-GAP/Al complex was investigated by a cook-off test, and the results indicated that the complex has specific reaction energy. Therefore, PBFMO-b-GAP may serve as a promising energetic binder for future propellant formulations.

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“…The IR spectra gave a first confirmation of the copolymer structure. As shown in Figure 1, the characteristic adsorption peak at 1276 cm -1 explained the -CF 3 stretching vibration of PBFMO, and the bands around 1135 cm -1 accounted for the C-O group stretching vibration of PBFMO 23,24 . The appearance of strong peak at 2093 cm -1 were attributed to -N 3 from GAP and the appearance of 3320 cm -1 was due to the -NH stretching vibration, the appearance of 1726 cm -1 , 1531 and 1376 cm -1 were assigned to C=O and -NH stretching bands of urethane group 25,26 .…”

Section: Preparation Of Pbfmo-b-gap Copolyurethanementioning

confidence: 91%

Fluoropolymer/GAP Block Copolyurethane Binders: Sensitivity, Mechanical Properties and Reactive Properties with Aluminum

Xu¹,

Lu²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In order to enhance the application properties of GAP in solid propellant, an energetic copolyurethane binder, (poly[3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxymethyl)oxetane] glycol-block-glycidylazide polymer (PBFMO-b-GAP) was developed. The PBFMO-b-GAP was prepared using poly[3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxymethyl)oxetane] glycol (PBFMO) which preparing from cationic polymerization and GAP as the raw materials, TDI as the coupling agent via a prepolymer process. The molecular structure of copolyurethane was confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, GPC. The impact sensitivity, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of PBFMO-b-GAP were studied by drop weight test, XPS, tensile test, SEM, DSC and TG/DTG respectively. The results proved that the introduction of fluoropolymer can evidently reduce the sensitivity of GAP based polyurethanes and enhance their mechanical behavior (the tensile strength up to 5.75MPa with a breaking elongation of 1660 %). Also, PBFMO-b-GAP exhibited an excellent resistance to thermal decomposition up to 200°C and good compatibility with Al and HMX. Cook-off test was used to investigate the reactive of copolyurethanes and Al, the results indicated that the copolyurethanes could react with Al efficiently and release significantly more heat. Therefore, the energetic copolyurethanes may serve as promising energetic binders for future propellant formulations.

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Synthesis of perfluorinated ionomers and their anion exchange membranes

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Soluble Polystyrene‐b‐poly (ethylene/butylene)‐b‐polystyrene Based Ionomer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 70 °C

Soluble Polystyrene‐b‐poly (ethylene/butylene)‐b‐polystyrene Based Ionomer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 70 °C

Fluoropolymer/Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Block Copolyurethane as New Energetic Binders: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Thermal Performance

Fluoropolymer/GAP Block Copolyurethane Binders: Sensitivity, Mechanical Properties and Reactive Properties with Aluminum

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