Synthesis of zinc oxide by microwave hydrothermal method for application to transesterification of soybean oil (biodiesel)

Quirino, Max Rocha; Oliveira, Mateus José C.; Keyson, David V.; Lucena, Guilherme Leocárdio; Oliveira, José de; Gama, L.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.09.062

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This pore size non-variation possibly is associated with the use of inorganic bases (NaOH and NH 4 OH) as a mineralizing agent because they are similar chemical substances (bases). According to the literature, variations in pore size were observed in materials synthesized by hydrothermal and hydrothermal microwave methods that used templates such as PEG 400 62 or organic substances, such as hexane 63 , decane 64 , as pore expansion agents.…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CuO Rapid Synthesis with Different Morphologies by the Microwave Hydrothermal Method

et al. 2018

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CuO structures were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal treatment using two different mineralizing agents (NaOH and NH 4 OH) and were evaluated as photocatalysts. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The XRD patterns indicated the formation of the monoclinic phase in both samples with 13.78 and 14.23 nm crystallite size. SEM analysis showed different agglomerates morphologies based on the mineralization agent employed. The CuO nanostructure synthesized with NH 4 OH presented agglomerated like-plates which results in a spherical shape, whereas the material synthesized with NaOH presented an agglomerate of larger plates. Both samples showed photocatalytic activity against RNL azo dye. The quasi-spherical shape CuO material reached 93 % of the discoloration.

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Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CuO Rapid Synthesis with Different Morphologies by the Microwave Hydrothermal Method

et al. 2018

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“…Indeed, ZnO efficiently catalyzes the conversion of a wide range of feedstocks such as palm and soybean oils for biodiesel production [7,24,25], but due to the low transesterification activity of bulk ZnO, most of these protocols require harsh conditions (e.g., T = 180 • C) [26,27]. Alternatively, they must employ composite materials with more basic oxides [26,[28][29][30][31] (e.g., CaO, MgO, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO/Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Renewable and Waste Lipids as Feedstocks

et al. 2019

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A new protocol for biodiesel production is proposed, based on a binary ZnO/TBAI (TBAI = tetrabutylammonium iodide) catalytic system. Zinc oxide acts as a heterogeneous, bifunctional Lewis acid/base catalyst, while TBAI plays the role of phase transfer agent. Being composed by the bulk form powders, the whole catalyst system proved to be easy to use, without requiring nano-structuration or tedious and costly preparation or pre-activation procedures. In addition, due to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, the catalyst can simultaneously promote transesterification and esterification processes, thus becoming applicable to common vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, jatropha, linseed, etc.) and animal fats (lard and fish oil), but also to waste lipids such as cooking oils (WCOs), highly acidic lipids from oil industry processing, and lipid fractions of municipal sewage sludge. Reusability of the catalyst system together with kinetic (Ea) and thermodynamic parameters of activation (ΔG‡ and ΔH‡) are also studied for transesterification reaction.

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“… Pluronic F127 (polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene block copolymer) for obtaining heterogeneous shapes [ 531 ]. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400, C 2n H 4n+2 O n+1 ) for obtaining nanorods [ 533 ], flowers [ 533 ], rod-like nanostructures [ 574 ], star-like nanostructures [ 574 ], particles with an irregular shape (plate and rod-like particles) [ 596 ], quasi-spherical shapes [ 620 ], flower-like structures [ 620 ], flower-like hierarchical structures [ 655 ], rod-like structures [ 673 ], and needle-like structures [ 673 ]. Acetyl acetate (ACAC, (CH 3 CO) 2 O) for obtaining rod-like structures [ 644 ].…”

Section: Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Znomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials: Reactants, Process Parameters and Morphologies

2020

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a multifunctional material due to its exceptional physicochemical properties and broad usefulness. The special properties resulting from the reduction of the material size from the macro scale to the nano scale has made the application of ZnO nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) more popular in numerous consumer products. In recent years, particular attention has been drawn to the development of various methods of ZnO NMs synthesis, which above all meet the requirements of the green chemistry approach. The application of the microwave heating technology when obtaining ZnO NMs enables the development of new methods of syntheses, which are characterised by, among others, the possibility to control the properties, repeatability, reproducibility, short synthesis duration, low price, purity, and fulfilment of the eco-friendly approach criterion. The dynamic development of materials engineering is the reason why it is necessary to obtain ZnO NMs with strictly defined properties. The present review aims to discuss the state of the art regarding the microwave synthesis of undoped and doped ZnO NMs. The first part of the review presents the properties of ZnO and new applications of ZnO NMs. Subsequently, the properties of microwave heating are discussed and compared with conventional heating and areas of application are presented. The final part of the paper presents reactants, parameters of processes, and the morphology of products, with a division of the microwave synthesis of ZnO NMs into three primary groups, namely hydrothermal, solvothermal, and hybrid methods.

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Synthesis of zinc oxide by microwave hydrothermal method for application to transesterification of soybean oil (biodiesel)

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

CuO Rapid Synthesis with Different Morphologies by the Microwave Hydrothermal Method

CuO Rapid Synthesis with Different Morphologies by the Microwave Hydrothermal Method

ZnO/Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Renewable and Waste Lipids as Feedstocks

A Review of Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials: Reactants, Process Parameters and Morphologies

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