Synthesis of ZSM-5 From Modified Clinoptilolite and Its Catalytic Activity in Alkylation of Benzene to Ethylbenzene

Kartal, Ozlem Esen; Önal, Işık

doi:10.1080/00986440801907078

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In other studies, it was determined that submicron particles of zeolite A powder formed at certain ratios of Na 2 O/Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O/clinoptilolite and suitable synthesis temperatures and times from clinoptilolite under hydrothermal synthesis with one or more steps 17,18 . Furthermore, ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared through hydrothermal reaction conducted with HCl-treated clinoptilolite 19 while mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 and zeolite P were synthesized from natural clinoptilolite and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide under hydrothermal conditions in alkaline media 20 . In the latter study, XRD and TG results exhibited that at the first stage where the mixture of clinoptilolite and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was treated in alkaline media at ambient temperature, crystal structure of clinoptilolite did not change significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of Zeolite A Coatings from Natural Zeolite

Tatlıer

Atalay-Oral

2016

Mat. Res.

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An investigation was carried out to determine the possibility of preparing coatings of synthetic zeolites on stainless steel from mixtures containing natural zeolite. Hydrothermal synthesis was applied and the coatings obtained were characterized by various techniques. It was observed that crystalline zeolite A coatings could be prepared from natural clinoptilolite, which provided the silica necessary for zeolite synthesis in the alkaline reaction mixture containing alumina. Zeolite coating formation was affected by synthesis conditions, such as temperature, time, alkalinity, and alumina content of the reaction mixture. The involvement of two simultaneous processes, namely, dissolution/transformation of clinoptilolite in the mixture and reaction on the substrate by the help of dissolved reagents, presents a new approach for zeolite coating preparation. This method may especially provide a means for more economical mass-scale production of zeolite coatings since the synthetic reagents may be replaced with much cheaper natural resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of Zeolite A Coatings from Natural Zeolite

Tatlıer

Atalay-Oral

2016

Mat. Res.

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“…Ethylbenzene is important in the petrochemical industry as an intermediate in the production of styrene, which in turn is used for making polystyrene, a common plastic material. In industry, EB is mainly manufactured by the alkylation of benzene with ethylene via two methods, i.e., the gas-phase method [1][2][3][4][5] and the liquid-phase method. The gas-phase method is the Mobil-Badger technology, which used mostly molecular sieve catalyst, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective zeolite catalyst for alkylation of benzene with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene

et al. 2012

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In this work, a selective catalyst of BXE ALKCAT zeolite has been developed with about 30 % of ZSM-5 balanced with kaolinite, and applied for gas-phase alkylation of benzene (BZ) with ethylene (E). The catalyst has been tested in a fixed-bed down-pass flow reactor under different conditions of temperatures ranging between 300 and 450°C with BZ to E mole ratios ranging between 1:1, 3:1 and 6:1 under atmospheric pressure and space velocity ranges between 0.1 and 150 h -1 . The BXE ALKCAT zeolite catalyst has been characterized using: scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area, pore volumes, pore size distributions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and differential thermal analysis, and thermo-gravimetric analyses. Ethylbenzene was the main product of alkylation, and diethylbenzene isomers (ortho-, meta-, and para-) were the minor products. In the case of 1:1 mol ratio of BZ to E, the selectivity of EB about 85.5 % at highest conversion of BZ was obtained after 1 h of reaction on stream at 450°C. A decrease in the temperature to 300°C (with 1:1 mol ratio) caused the selectivity of EB to decrease to 73.0 %. EB and DEBs yields were found to increase with increasing the reaction temperature and decreasing the mole ratio of BZ to E. The conversion of BZ appeared to be depending strongly on mole ratio of BZ to E at a given temperature. The study has shown that the BXE ALKCAT zeolite is active as a catalyst for the alkylation reaction and selective to EB compared with other zeolite catalysts.

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“…Since ZSM-5 was first synthesized in 1965 by Argauer and Landolt [4], for example, it has widespread application as a fluid catalytic cracking additive for both propylene production and gasoline octane improvement [5]. Besides, ZSM-5 was observed to exhibit excellent catalytic properties in the aromatics compounds synthesis due to its shape-selective medium-pore [6], such as p-xylene synthesis [7], ethylbenzene and cumene synthesis [8]. However, the microporous channel structures may in some cases also be a major limitation as catalysts because mass transport is hard through these micropores, especially when the diffusion in the micropores is significantly slower than the reaction [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Morphology Characterization ZSM-5 Zeolite by Hydrothermal Synthesis

Silva

Crispim

Queiroz

et al. 2010

MSF

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Zeolite ZSM-5 have been synthesized by hydrothermal method, using tetrapropylammonium bromide as template. This work aims to evaluate the preparation and characterization structural and morphology of zeolite ZSM-5 resulting in a pure and crystalline material. The ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 170 °C, using silica, deionized water and structure-directing salt (tetrapropylammonium bromide-TPABr). Several techniques like X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X ray energy dispersion spectrophotometer (EDX) have been utilized to characterize the framework structure and morphology of the sample. Obtaining ZSM-5 zeolite could be confirmed by X ray diffratograms. The result X ray diffraction showed that the synthesized sample presented typical peaks of the ZSM-5 zeolite. According to the XRD, it is possible to observe intense and well defined peaks. The acquired X ray patterns identified the product as highly-crystalline materials, without the presence of impurities. From the images obtained by SEM, it was possible are composed of showed that the crystal accumulations of ZSM-5 zeolite, without the presence secondary phases on the crystals.

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Synthesis of ZSM-5 From Modified Clinoptilolite and Its Catalytic Activity in Alkylation of Benzene to Ethylbenzene

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Crystallization of Zeolite A Coatings from Natural Zeolite

Crystallization of Zeolite A Coatings from Natural Zeolite

Selective zeolite catalyst for alkylation of benzene with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene

Structural and Morphology Characterization ZSM-5 Zeolite by Hydrothermal Synthesis

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