Synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin are both increased in patients with an acute inflammatory response

Barle, Hans; Hammarqvist, Folke; Westman, Bo; Klaude, Maria; Rooyackers, Olav; Garlick, Peter J.; Wernerman, Jan

doi:10.1042/cs20050222

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the present study, the FSR of MUC2 measured in human preterm infants varied between 44.3-103.9%/day and between 12.1-89.7%/day in our previous study. Moreover, the FSR of other tissue proteins like albumin and skeletal muscle proteins is much lower, ϳ6%/day and 2%/day in adult humans, respectively (1,17,34). In this context, the small intestinal MUC2 synthesis rate is notably high (median 67.2%) in preterm infants recovering from NEC and is among the highest so far determined in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants

Schaart

Bruijn²,

Schierbeek³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Schaart MW, de Bruijn ACJM, Schierbeek H, Tibboel D, Renes IB, van Goudoever JB. Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296: G1085-G1090, 2009. First published February 26, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90444.2008 is the structural component of the intestinal protective mucus layer, which contains high amounts of threonine in its peptide backbone. MUC2 synthesis rate might be a potential parameter for intestinal barrier function. In this study, we aimed to determine whether systemic threonine was used for small intestinal MUC2 synthesis and to calculate the MUC2 fractional synthetic rate (FSR) in human preterm infants. Seven preterm infants with an enterostomy following bowel resection for necrotizing enterocolitis received intravenous infusion of [U- 13C]threonine to determine incorporation of systemic threonine into secreted MUC2 in intestinal outflow fluid. Small intestinal MUC2 was isolated using cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation and gravity gel filtration chromatography. MUC2-containing fractions were identified by SDS-PAGE/periodic acid-Schiff staining and Western blot analysis and were subsequently pooled. Isotopic enrichment of threonine, measured in MUC2 using gas chromatography isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, was used to calculate the FSR of MUC2. Systemically derived threonine was indeed incorporated into small intestinal MUC2. Median FSR of small intestinal MUC2 was 67.2 (44.3-103.9)% per day. Systemic threonine is rapidly incorporated into MUC2 in the small intestine of preterm infants, and thereby MUC2 has a very high synthesis rate. mucin 2; small intestine; threonine THE MUCUS LAYER FORMS a physical barrier between the underlying epithelium and the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.(9) It protects the epithelium against noxious agents, viruses, and pathogenic bacteria. The structural component of this mucus layer is secretory mucin 2 (MUC2), which is secreted by goblet cells of the intestine and gives intestinal mucus a high density and viscoelasticity (30). MUC2 is a glycoprotein rich in oligosaccharides, O-linked to threonine and serine residues in the peptide backbone (29). MUC2 contains high amounts of threonine and proline tandem repeat sequences, which together constitute 20 -55% of total amino acid composition (33). Threonine is an indispensable amino acid utilized in a large amount by the portal-drained viscera in first pass (28). Recently, we showed that the equivalent of almost 90% of dietary threonine is utilized by the intestine of piglets (25). The high visceral need for threonine presumably reflects the high synthesis rate of secretory mucins, e.g., MUC2. Therefore, threonine might be one of the amino acids essential for maintaining the protective mucus layer and thus intestinal barrier function.Disturbances in intestinal barrier function, characterized by inappropriate initial bacterial colonization of the intestine and immature epithelial responses to bacteria and their toxins, are thought to be crucial in the dev...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants

Schaart

Bruijn²,

Schierbeek³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Albumin is a negative acute-phase protein, which means that its concentration will decrease during an inflammatory event. Such decreases have been described during cholecystitis (28), hemodialysis (29), and cancer (30) and in head trauma patients (31), despite a coinciding rise in albumin FSR. Cytokines might be responsible for this paradoxical increase (29,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Albumin synthesis in premature neonates is stimulated by parenterally administered amino acids during the first days of life

Akker¹,

Braake²,

Schierbeek³

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background:We recently showed that parenteral administration of amino acids to premature infants immediately after birth is safe and results in a positive nitrogen balance and increased whole-body protein synthesis. However, we did not determine organ-specific effects; albumin, produced by the liver, is an important protein, but its concentration is often low in premature neonates during the first few days after birth. Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the fractional and absolute albumin synthesis rates would increase with the administration of amino acids after birth, even at low nonprotein energy intake. Design: Premature infants (1500 g birth weight), who were on ventilation, received from birth onward either glucose only (control group, n ҃ 7) or glucose and 2.4 g amino acid ⅐ kg Ҁ1 ⅐ d Ҁ1 (intervention group, n ҃ 8). On postnatal day 2, all infants received a primed continuous infusion of [1-13 C]leucine, and mass spectrometry techniques were used to determine the incorporation of the leucine into albumin. Results are expressed as medians and 25th and 75th percentiles. Results: Albumin fractional synthesis rates in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group [22.9% (17.6 -28.0%)/d and 12.6% (11.0 -19.4%)/d, respectively; P ҃ 0.029]. Likewise, the albumin absolute synthesis rates in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group [228 (187-289)

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“…Also, several studies in humans have shown a biphasic change of albumin synthesis in different phases of cholecystitis, which corresponds to studies in small animals. An increased albumin synthesis is observed in acute cholecystitis patients (within 2-4 d after initiation of symptoms) [6], whereas in patients with cholecystolithiasis, a lower albumin synthesis (FSR, 5.9 -1.2%/d) was found [26]. Taken together, these results suggest that timing of measurement should be taken into consideration to make comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In the past several years, there was broad agreement that both the rate of albumin degradation and the loss of albumin to the tissue spaces increases in patients with sepsis [3,4], and attention has turned to measurement of albumin synthesis. However, in vivo studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the effects of infection on albumin synthesis (decreased [5], increased [6], or unchanged [7]). Meanwhile, measurements of albumin synthesis in human beings have been conducted at only one time point, mostly during the acute phase, and several studies have addressed the possibility of albumin synthesis responding differently depending on the stage of the inflammatory process and various stimuli.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Albumin Synthetic Response to Intra-Abdominal Abscess in Patients with Gastrointestinal Fistula

ZhouBo

RenJianan²,

HanGang³

et al. 2014

Surgical Infections

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Background: Low serum albumin concentration is a predictor of failure of source control for intra-abdominal infection. However, data on dynamics of albumin synthesis in these patients and to what extent these changes contribute to hypoalbuminemia are relatively scarce. We investigated in a group of patients with gastrointestinal fistula the dynamic response of liver albumin synthesis to intra-abdominal abscess and how these related to hypoalbuminemia and circulating endocrine hormone profiles. Methods: Eight gastrointestinal fistula patients scheduled to undergo percutaneous abscess sump drainage were enrolled prospectively to measure albumin synthesis rates at different stages of the inflammatory response (immediately after diagnosis and 7 d following sump drainage when clinical signs of intra-abdominal sepsis had been eradicated). Eight age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched intestinal fistula patients were studied as control patients. Consecutive arterial blood samples were drawn during a primed-constant infusion (priming dose: 4 micromol$kg -1 , infusion rate: 6 micromol$kg

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Synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin are both increased in patients with an acute inflammatory response

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants

Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants

Albumin synthesis in premature neonates is stimulated by parenterally administered amino acids during the first days of life

Dynamics of Albumin Synthetic Response to Intra-Abdominal Abscess in Patients with Gastrointestinal Fistula

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