Synthetic biology, patenting, health and global justice

Belt, Hendrik van den

doi:10.1007/s11693-012-9098-7

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In ''Global health requires more than technological fixes'' section we already referred to this in connection to Koplan et al (2009) who have stressed the importance in global health of real partnership between 'developed' and 'developing' countries. In a similar vein, other authors have emphasized the need for network governance and community based approaches in order to bridge important translational gaps in the fight against poverty related diseases (Smits et al 2008).…”

Section: This Specialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governing synthetic biology for global health through responsible research and innovation

Douglas

Stemerding

2013

Syst Synth Biol

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Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a global endeavour with research and development programs in many countries, and due (in part) to its multi-use characteristics it has potential to improve global health in the area of vaccine development, diagnostics, drug synthesis, and the detection and remediation of environmental toxins. However, SynBio will also concurrently require global governance.Here we present what we have learnt from the articles in this Special Issue, and the workshop we hosted in The Hague in February of 2012 on SynBio, global health, and global governance that generated many of the papers appearing here. Importantly we take the notion of 'responsible research and innovation' as a guiding perspective. In doing so our understanding of governance is one that shifts its focus from preventing risks and other potential negative implications, and instead is concerned with institutions and practices involved in the inclusive steering of science and technology towards socially desirable outcomes. We first provide a brief overview of the notion of global health, and SynBio's relation to global health issues. The core of the paper explores some of the dynamics involved in fostering SynBio's global health pursuits; paying particular attention to of intellectual property, incentives, and commercialization regimes. We then examines how DIYbio, Interactive Learning and Action, and road-mapping activities can be seen as positive and productive forms of governance that can lead to more inclusive SynBio global health research programs.

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Section: This Specialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governing synthetic biology for global health through responsible research and innovation

Douglas

Stemerding

2013

Syst Synth Biol

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“…These property rights are exercised through exclusion and exchange. The “costs imposed on society” mentioned at the end of the statement are in most cases based on assumptions that any costs (monetary or otherwise) that come from protecting an invention through legally enforceable private property rights are balanced by the possible benefits arising from the public disclosure of inventions—a balance that some scholars question in part because it is an assumption that is difficult, if not impossible, to measure (Biagioli 2019 ; van den Belt 2013 ). Produced through a series of quite rigid institutional processes, IP can be viewed as the commodified version of a scientific output.…”

Section: Ip and Transdisciplinary Co-designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual property meets transdisciplinary co-design: prioritizing responsiveness in the production of new AgTech through located response-ability

et al. 2022

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This paper explores the complex relationship between intellectual property (IP) and the transdisciplinary collaborative design (co-design) of new digital technologies for agriculture (AgTech). More specifically, it explores how prioritizing the capturing of IP as a central researcher responsibility can cause disruptions to research relationships and project outcomes. We argue that boundary-making processes associated with IP create a particular context through which responsibility can, and must, be located and cultivated by researchers working within transdisciplinary collaborations. We draw from interview data and situated IP practices from a transdisciplinary co-design project in Aotearoa New Zealand to illustrate how IP is a fluid boundary-requiring-and-producing object that impels researchers into its management, and produces tensions that need to be noticed and skillfully navigated within research relations. We propose located response-ability as a conceptual tool and practice to reposition IP within the relations that make up a transdisciplinary co-design project, as opposed to prioritizing IP by default without recognizing its possible impacts on collaborative relations and other project aims and accountabilities. This can support researchers practicing responsible innovation in making everyday decisions on how to protect potential IP without disrupting the collaborative relations that make the creation of potential IP possible, and the existence of protected IP relevant and beneficial to project collaborators and wider societal actors. This may help to ensure that societal benefits can be generated, and positive science–society relationships prioritized and preserved, in the design of new AgTech.

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“…The same occurs today with the 'public order of morality' criteria. European patent law excludes from patentability any inventions whose commercial exploitation would be contrary to 'public order of morality' (OECD, 2014;Van den Belt, 2013).…”

Section: Why the Recent Patent Litigation Over The Crispr-cas 9 Genom...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRISPR technology is in many regards so different from classical approaches in genetic engineering that it is entirely justified to find new solutions in the field of IPR as well. The idea that the same IPR models can be applied to all fields of technology for all times no longer holds (Van den Belt, 2013;Rutz, 2009).…”

Section: Efforts For Open Access To Knowledge In the Whole Field Of S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Patent System the Way Forward with the CRISPR-Cas 9 Technology?

Mali

2020

S&TS

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CRISPR-Cas9 technology is reshaping the way scientists conduct research in genetic engineering. It is predicted to revolutionise not only the fields of medicine, biology, agriculture and industry but, much like all revolutionary technologies of the past, the way humans live. Given the anticipated and already seen benefits of CRISPR-Cas 9 in different areas of human life, this new technology may be defined as a true breakthrough scientific discovery. The article presents several challenges connected with various dimensions of the CRISPR-Cas 9 patent landscape. The central argument is that today the biggest challenge is finding a intermediary way that ensures a balance between providing sufficient openness for the further progress of basic research in CRISPR-Cas 9 such as ‘niche’ areas of the latest genetic engineering and adequate intellectual property rights to incentivise its commercialisation and application. The article contends the endeavours by academic scientific institutions to arrive at short-term benefits of the new CRISPR-Cas 9 technology do not constitute such an intermediary way, especially when the CRISPR-Cas 9 patent landscape is viewed as part of a series of controversial bioethical discussions that have been underway for over 40 years.

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Synthetic biology, patenting, health and global justice

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Governing synthetic biology for global health through responsible research and innovation

Governing synthetic biology for global health through responsible research and innovation

Intellectual property meets transdisciplinary co-design: prioritizing responsiveness in the production of new AgTech through located response-ability

Is the Patent System the Way Forward with the CRISPR-Cas 9 Technology?

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