Synthetic Seed Technology Development and Production Studies for Storage, Transport, and Industrialization of Bracken Spores

Abstract

Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. Heller) has long been grown industrially in South Korea. Conventional propagation methods, including planting rhizomes and in vitro seedling culture, are labor intensive and expensive, and thus not commercially suitable. We aimed to develop a system to produce synthetic seeds using fern spores (SFS). Synthetic seeds were prepared by mixing bracken spores and alginate matrix. Spore germination and gametophyte and sporophyte growth and development from SFS proceeded normally. Spore density affected gametophyte and sporophyte numbers. SFS prepared using cold (4 °C) long-term storage spores (even 7-year-old spores) could effectively form sporophytes. The highest germination was observed at 25 °C. Soaking-treated SFS successfully formed sporophytes, even after 30 days of storage at 4 °C; indeed, sporophytes formed even after five days of storage at 25 °C during transport conditions. SFS were sown in plug trays for commercial use. Young sporophytes grown from plug seedlings were greenhouse cultivated, and transplanting within eight weeks was effective for root growth and growing-point formation. Developing synthetic seeds is a feasible solution for facilitating efficient transport and the handling of small-sized fern spores; furthermore, this SFS technology provides the basis for fern seedling culture and fern spore industrialization.

In vitro propagation and synseed mediated short-term conservation of Scutellaria alpina L. and Scutellaria altissima L.

“…Benefits of synseed technology include easy handling of the tissue cultured material, limited space requirement for storage, ease of domestic and international transportation and the possibility of protection against disease and pest (Maruyama et al, 1997;Rai et al, 2009). There are reports on the successful use of this technology for herb, shrub, and tree species (Maruyama et al, 1997;Sujatha;Kumari, 2008;Lambardi;Ozudogru;Previati, 2010;Hung;Trueman, 2011;Gantait et al, 2015) and recently extending it to fern spores for mass production (Jang;Cho;Lee, 2020). Synthetic seed technology coupled with slow growth storage at 4 o C provides a viable short-to medium-term preservation strategy (Ara;Jaiswal;Jaiswal, 2000;Sharma;Shahzad;Teixeira da Silva, 2013).…”

Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Natrium Alginat terhadap Enkapsulasi Benih Sintetik Phalaenopsis sp.

“…Konsentrasi optimal yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Sankari et al (2020) yang menjelaskan bahwa dalam pembuatan benih sintetik digunakan natrium alginat dengan konsentrasi 2-3% untuk melapisi embrio somatik anggrek yang kemudian direndam dalam CaCl.2H 2 O selama 20 menit lalu dibilas menggunakan aquades dan disimpan dalam cawan petri. Berdasarkan penelitian dari Mahdavi et al (2020) penyimpanan benih sintetik dalam cawan petri dilakukan selama satu minggu pada suhu 25˚C dan dilanjutkan penyimpanan dalam botol kultur selama tiga minggu dengan suhu 25˚C dalam media MS. Berdasarkan penelitian Jang et al (2020) penyimpanan benih sintetik pada suhu 25˚C dapat menumbuhkan perkecambahan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan penyimpanan benih sintetik pada suhu 4˚C dengan konsentrasi natrium alginat 3% dan 100mM kalsium klorida. Dalam kasus ini suhu merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dalam perkecambahan benih sintetik karena semakin rendah suhu penyimpanan akan dapat menghambat perkecambahan benih (Suo et al, 2015) Benih sintetik Phalaenopsis sp.…”