System-Based Analysis of Income Distribution Impacts on Mobility Behaviour

A CO2 Emission Trading Scheme for German Road Transport

“…Other technical methods Figure 11: Outline of an upstream certificate trading scheme in road transport (FIFO et al, 2005:88) Figure 12: Marginal abatement costs in the German transport sector (BDI, 2007) Figure 13: Overview of the production of different biofuels (Quirin et al, 2004) Figure 14: GHG emissions of alternative and fossil fuels (Larivé et al, 2004) (Mohammadian and Miller, 2003) Figure 29: Model output during the simulation Figure 30: CO supply and demand within the closed emissions trading scheme Figure 31: Average surplus financial burden of households due to the increased fuel price at a certificate price of 100 euros per ton CO 2 Figure 32: Overview of the ASTRA model (Krail, 2009) List of Tables Table 1: Population and relevant interviews from the freight forwarder survey by Bühler (2006) (Bühler, 2006) Table 3: Variables influencing the freight forwarder's modal choice (Bühler, 2006) Table 4: Results of the fixed effects panel regression by Frondel et al (2007) Table 5: Results of the random effects panel regression of Frondel et al (2007) and a modified variable-specific Hausman test Table 6: Results of the random effects panel regression using recent GMP data Table 7: Results of the logit model for vehicle purchase Table 8: Estimated hhConst and rtConst parameters of equations (29) and (31) Table 9: Overview of international price elasticities according to Graham and Glaister (2002) 1 Introduction…”

“…The simulation time horizon is from 1990 to 2050. A comprehensive overview of the model can be found in Schade (2005) and Krail (2009). Figure 32 demonstrates the interrelationships between the nine modules of the ASTRA model and highlights the most important inputs and outputs which are described below.…”

“…Finally, the Infrastructure module (INF) provides the network capacity for the different transport modes. Figure 32: Overview of the ASTRA model (Krail, 2009) There are various well-known theoretical concepts integrated in the model. For instance, neo-classical production functions are implemented in the MAC to calculate the potential output of the national economies.…”

“…Subsequently, the results of the two model runs can be compared and the impacts of the policy instrument are presented in relation to the BaU scenario. The applied BaU scenario was developed by Krail (2009) and its main characteristics are outlined in the following paragraphs. The interested reader is referred to Krail (2009).…”

“…The applied BaU scenario was developed by Krail (2009) and its main characteristics are outlined in the following paragraphs. The interested reader is referred to Krail (2009).…”