System for on- and off-axis volumetric OCT imaging and ray tracing aberrometry of the crystalline lens

Ruggeri, Marco; Williams, Siobhan; Heilman, Bianca Maceo; Ya, Yao; Chang, Yeon S.; Mohamed, Ashik; Sravani, N. Geetha; Durkee, Heather; Rowaan, Cornelis; González, Alex; Ho, Arthur; Parel, Jean Marie; Manns, Fabrice

doi:10.1364/boe.9.003834

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The system used to capture images of the crystalline lenses has been described in detail elsewhere. 46 The system includes a commercial SD-OCT system (ENVISU R4400; Bioptigen, Inc., Durham, NC, USA) equipped with a superluminescent diode operating at a center wavelength of 880 nm. The axial range is 15.18 mm in air, with a pixel size of 7.4 µm/pixel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes to the Three-Dimensional Full Shape of the Isolated Human Crystalline Lens

Martinez-Enriquez

Castro

Mohamed

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose Studying the full shape crystalline lens geometry is important to understand the changes undergone by the crystalline lens leading to presbyopia, cataract, or failure of emmetropization, and to aid in the design and selection of intraocular lenses and new strategies for correction. We used custom-developed three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to study age-related changes in the full shape of the isolated human crystalline lens. Methods A total of 103 ex vivo human isolated lenses from 87 subjects (age range, 0–56 years) were imaged using a 3-D spectral-domain OCT system. Lens models, constructed after segmentation of the surfaces and distortion correction, were used to automatically quantify central geometric parameters (lens thickness, radii of curvatures, and asphericities of anterior and posterior surfaces) and full shape parameters (lens volume, surface area, diameter, and equatorial plane position). Age-dependencies of these parameters were studied. Results Most of the measured parameters showed a biphasic behavior, statistically significantly increasing (radii of curvature, lens volume, surface area, diameter) or decreasing (asphericities, lens thickness) very fast in the first two decades of life, followed by a slow but significant increase after age 20 years (for all the parameters except for the posterior surface asphericity and the equatorial plane position, that remained constant). Conclusions Three-dimensional quantitative OCT allowed us to study the age-dependency of geometric parameters of the full isolated human crystalline lens. We found that most of the lens geometric parameters showed a biphasic behavior, changing rapidly before age 20 years and with a slower linear growth thereafter.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes to the Three-Dimensional Full Shape of the Isolated Human Crystalline Lens

Martinez-Enriquez

Castro

Mohamed

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…In addition, knowledge of the eye's aberrations, both onaxis and off-axis can provide additional inputs to help refine the GRIN and posterior surface lens reconstruction. These OCT/Laser Ray Tracing data, currently available in in vitro configurations [29], could also be acquired in humans in vivo, up to 40 deg eccentricities [43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental system has been described in detail elsewhere [29]. Essentially, we modified the delivery probe of a commercial Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography system (Envisu R4400, Leica-Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and mounted it on a rotation stage to image the isolated crystalline lens on and off axis (Fig.…”

Section: Rotational Optical Coherence Tomography Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Images were then collected by automatically rotating the OCT beam between −45 and +45 degrees in steps of 5 degrees. There was no need to correct for the fan distortion arising from the scanner architecture [30] because this was negligible in the central area where the rays optical path are measured [29].…”

Section: Rotational Optical Coherence Tomography Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we demonstrate a method to accurately reconstruct the gradient refractive index distribution and posterior lens surface using off-axis OCT images [29] of the lens acquired in the anterior-up orientation, without the need for posterior-up images. This opens up the possibility of reconstructing the GRIN in vivo using OCT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Off-axis optical coherence tomography imaging of the crystalline lens to reconstruct the gradient refractive index using optical methods

Castro

Birkenfeld

Heilman

et al. 2019

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Earlier studies have shown that the gradient index of refraction (GRIN) of the crystalline lens can be reconstructed in vitro using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images. However, the methodology cannot be extended in vivo because it requires accurate measurements of the external geometry of the lens. Specifically, the posterior surface is measured by flipping the lens so that the posterior lens surface faces the OCT beam, a method that cannot be implemented in vivo. When the posterior surface is imaged through the lens in its natural position, it appears distorted by the unknown GRIN. In this study, we demonstrate a method to reconstruct both the GRIN and the posterior surface shape without the need to flip the lens by applying optimization routines using both on-axis and off-axis OCT images of cynomolgous monkey crystalline lenses, obtained by rotating the OCT delivery probe from −45 to +45 degrees in 5 degree steps. We found that the GRIN profile parameters can be reconstructed with precisions up to 0.009, 0.004, 1.7 and 1.1 (nucleus and surface refractive indices, and axial and meridional power law, respectively), the radius of curvature within 0.089 mm and the conic constant within 0.3. While the method was applied on isolated crystalline lenses, it paves the way to in vivo lens GRIN and posterior lens surface reconstruction.

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Isolated human crystalline lens three-dimensional shape: A comparison between Indian and European populations

Mohamed

Nandyala

Martinez-Enriquez

et al. 2021

Experimental Eye Research

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System for on- and off-axis volumetric OCT imaging and ray tracing aberrometry of the crystalline lens

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Age-Related Changes to the Three-Dimensional Full Shape of the Isolated Human Crystalline Lens

Age-Related Changes to the Three-Dimensional Full Shape of the Isolated Human Crystalline Lens

Off-axis optical coherence tomography imaging of the crystalline lens to reconstruct the gradient refractive index using optical methods

Isolated human crystalline lens three-dimensional shape: A comparison between Indian and European populations

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