Systematic Research and Evaluation Models of Nanomotors for Cancer Combined Therapy

Abstract

Limited tumor permeability of therapeutic agents is a great challenge faced by current cancer therapy methods. Herein, a kind of near infrared light (NIR)‐driven nanomotor with autonomous movement, targeted ability, hierarchical porous structure, multi‐drugs for cancer chemo/photothermal therapy is designed, prepared and characterized. Further, we establish a method to study the interaction between nanomotors and cells, along with their tumor permeability mechanism, including 2D cellular models, 3D multicellular tumor spheroids and in vivo models. In vivo tumor elimination results verify that the movement behaviour of the nanomotors can greatly facilitate them to eliminate tumor through multiple therapeutic methods. This work tries to establish systematic research and evaluation models, providing strategies to understand the relationship between motion behaviour and tumor permeation efficiency of nanomotors in depth.

Photoactivated Polymersome Nanomotors: Traversing Biological Barriers

“…Previous research has demonstrated that active delivery carriers with motile properties could significantly improve tissue penetration, enhance delivery efficiency, and enable effective therapy . A light‐responsive nanomotor prepared by mesoporous‐macroporous silica and Pt was demonstrated to be able to penetrate into three dimensional (3D) spheroids deeply for combined cancer therapy …”

Research Progress of Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer Treatment

“…The efficacy of nanomotors for cancer combination therapy was evaluated in detail through two‐dimensional (2D) cellular models, three‐dimensionals (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MTSs) and in vivo models. This work initially proposed the possible penetration mechanism of physical nanomotors and further established the research model of the interaction between nanomotors and cells and the mechanism of tumor penetration, which provided a reliable and comprehensive paradigm for micro/nanomotors in cancer treatment [51] . Nevertheless, it must be mentioned that the thermal effect of NIR light brought the limitation of use time in a certain extent [47a,48,49] .…”

Cancer Cell Membrane Camouflaged Semi‐Yolk@Spiky‐Shell Nanomotor for Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Synergistic Therapy

“…[29,30] To solve these problems, Wan et al designed mesoporous-macroporous silica/platinum (Pt) nanomotor loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) for chemotherapy and Pt nanoparticles for photothermal propulsion and therapy. [31] This work established a systematic research model of nanomotors for synergistic therapy. However, the random loading of Pt nanoparticles leads to their weak asymmetric distribution, decreasing thermophoretic force.…”

“…The asymmetric carbon core of mC@SiO 2 can form a thermal gradient under the NIR light irradiation, which propels nanomotors by self‐thermophoretic force. Notably, different from aforementioned NIR light‐driven nanomotors prepared by gold deposition and Pt nanoparticles loading, [ 27–31 ] the photothermal component of the nanomotor is carbon semi‐yolk inside the nanoparticle. Thus, the outer spiky shell can be totally used to load drug, resulting in a high loading capacity of DOX (596 µg mg −1 ).…”