Systemic and local antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidisgraft infection

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo efficacy of local and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis graft infection in a rat model and to evaluate the bacterial adherence to frequently used prosthetic graft materials.MethodsGraft infections were established in the subcutaneous tissue of 120 male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron/ePTFE grafts followed by topical inoculation with 2 × 107 CFUs of clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. Each of the graft series included a control group, one contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated groups that received systemic prophylaxis with teicoplanin or levofloxacin and two contaminated groups that received teicoplanin-soaked or levofloxacin-soaked grafts. The grafts were removed 7 days after implantation and evaluated by quantitative culture.ResultsThere was significant bacterial growth inhibition in the groups given systemic or local prophylaxis (P < 0.05). Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis had greater affinity to Dacron graft when compared with ePTFE graft in the untreated contaminated groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe study demonstrated that the usage of systemic or local prophylaxis and preference of ePTFE graft can be useful in reducing the risk of vascular graft infections caused by staphylococcal strains with high levels of resistance.

A New Nano-Platform for Drug Release via Nanotubular Aluminum Oxide

“…Preoperative oral administration of AMX has been proven to reduce the risk of implant failure [27,28], and local delivery of AMX during orthopedic surgery reduced the infections associated with open fractures [29], compound limb fractures [30], and with osteoinductive and osteoconductive bone-graft substitutes [29]. As well, local delivery of antibiotics was effective in reducing vascular infections from staphylococcal strains [31]. It can therefore be hypothesized that localized AMX elution from both orthopedic and vascular implants would be highly advantageous.…”

Two bacterial infection models in tree shrew for evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents

“…Some bacterial infection models have been developed in mice, rats, and rabbits, but none have been developed in small primatelike animals Wada et al, 2008). Burnt skin infection and graft infection are severe diseases causing persistent infection, even sepsis (Rafla & Tredget, 2011;Turgut et al, 2005). In the present study, we established two bacterial infection models induced by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in tree shrew, which is considered as a novel primate-like experimental animal.…”

Linezolid Alone and in Combination with Rifampicin Prevents Experimental Vascular Graft Infection Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

“…Previously, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal teicoplanin and vancomycin, alone or in combination with rifampicinsoaked grafts, against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. Our group was able to demonstrate the efficacy of these antibiotics and optimal routes of administration for in the prevention of vascular graft infections [9,10].…”