Systemic Fungicides: Disease Control, Translocation, and Mode of Action

Erwin, D. C.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.11.090173.002133

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…upward and downward translocation (Table 5). This confinn the findings ofEdigination et al (1980); Erwin (1973) and Vyas (1984) who reported translocation pattern offungicides in different plant species.…”

Section: (Ill)supporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of Agrochemicals on Mycorrhizae

Vyas

2000

Mycorrhizal Biology

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Section: (Ill)supporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of Agrochemicals on Mycorrhizae

Vyas

2000

Mycorrhizal Biology

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“…However, in the present study thiabendazole alone failed to depress chiasma frequency significantly. It may be recalled in this context that this fungicide is structurally related to fuberidazole and is also used as an anthel minthic drug (Kirby 1972, Erwin 1973.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated, the test fungicides persist for long in the plant system owing to their systemic nature (Kirby 1972, Erwin 1973. Therefore it is likely that the chiasma depression was a direct effect of the fungicides in contrast with sodium azide (Owais et al 1978), and not caused by their metabolites-an aspect in pesticide genotoxicity lately receiving attention (Plewa 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of some systemic fungicides on the chiasma frequencies in Hordeum vulgare.

et al. 1983

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Modern agriculture has introduced a large number of pesticides into the environment. Some of these were demonstrated to exert toxic influences on various non-target organisms including plants (Mrak 1969 , Epstein andLegator 1971). In higher plants there were reported on the pesticide influences on mitosis and meiosis (Wuu andGrant 1966, 1967). However , it was not investigated whether or not the recombinant source of variation in meiosis was affected . To enquire such a possibility four systemic fungicides are presently tested in Hordeum vulgare for possible impact on chiasma frequency which is not only an indicator of the degree of recombination but also a demonstrable parameter carrying a wide range of implications (Rees and Thompson 1956, Dowrick 1957, Rees and Jones 1976. Since several agricultural chemicals were reported to be mutagenic (Epstein and Legator 1971, Panda andSharma 1979), sodium azide , a known mutagen has also been tested for comparison. Material and methodsSolutions of different strengths of thiabendazole, fuberidazole, carboxin, oxycarboxin and sodium azide were prepared in a phosphate buffer (0.1M) adjusted to pH 7. Traces of acetone were added for facilitating solubility when ever necessary. Seeds of a cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare C. V. 292 (2n=14), were soaked in the distilled water for 15hrs, and treated in the different test solu tions for 6 hrs. This duration approximately corresponded with the mid-S phase of the initial mitosis (Khalatkar 1976, Panda andSharma 1980) in the seeds. After a thorough wash the seeds were germinated in petriplates and a week-old seedlings were transplanted to the field. During the flowering season first spikes from five different plants were fixed in acetic alcohol and florets were squashed in aceto carmine. Chiasma frequencies were determined from at least 30-50 metaphases from these squash preparations representing the five plants (Bennett and Rees 1970). Negative controls were maintained, separately for experiments with each test com pounds, in the buffer or acetonised buffer. Percentage of reduction in the chiasma frequency was measured as depression index. The work was triplicated. ObservationsThe number of chiasmata per cell ranged between 12-27 in the controls, 14 and

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“…The fungitoxic spectrum of chloroneb is unusual in that it does not follow taxonomic criteria among the lower fungi; e.g. it shows good activity against Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium aphanideratum, and Mucor mucedo, but not against P. debaryanum and P. ultimum [50,72]. In addition, it is active against selected higher fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum [50].…”

Section: Etridiazolementioning

confidence: 99%