Tabagismo e fatores associados em adultos: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de tabagismo e fatores associados em adultos com idade entre 20 e 59 anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido em uma amostra de 2.022 indivíduos residentes na zona urbana de uma cidade de médio porte do sul do Brasil. Realizaram-se entrevistas domiciliares e foram coletadas informações sobre aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos, condições auto-referidas de saúde, uso de serviço médico e odontológico, auto-avaliação de saúde, problemas com álcool, estado nutricional e níveis pressóricos. Consideraram-se fumantes os que relataram consumir nos últimos trinta dias qualquer quantidade de fumo. Nas análises bivariadas e multivariada calcularam-se as razões de prevalências (RP) por meio da regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência global de tabagismo foi de 30,1% (IC 95%: 27,8; 32,3). As variáveis associadas à maior prevalência de tabagismo na análise multivariada foram: renda mais baixa (RP = 1,49; IC 95%: 1,26; 1,77), escolaridade menor que oito anos (RP = 2,07; IC 95%: 1,68; 2,56), relatar problemas com álcool (RP = 1,42; IC 95%: 1,17; 1,73), não utilizar o serviço médico no último ano (RP = 1,21; IC 95%: 1,04; 1,41) e auto-avaliar a saúde bucal de forma negativa (RP = 1,28; IC 95%: 1,09; 1,50). Condições auto-referidas de saúde associadas ao tabagismo foram: catarro (RP = 2,07; IC 95%: 1,83; 2,35), chiado no peito (RP = 1,45, IC 95%: 1,20; 1,75), falta de ar (RP = 1,41 IC 95%: 1,19; 1,66) e a eutrofia (RP = 1,57, IC 95%: 1,36; 1,80). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de tabagismo na população foi elevada. Políticas públicas são necessárias para diminuir a prevalência e morbidade do tabagismo considerando-se a desigual distribuição dos eventos entre os estratos populacionais.

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Prevalência do tabagismo e terapêutica da dependência de nicotina: uma revisão integrativa Smoking prevalence and of nicotine dependence’s therapeutics: an integrative review

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“…17 In Mato Grosso do Sul, some services are also offered in the evening hours, which is likely to increase the adhesion of workers who have no possibility to attend the services during the day. Thus, it is suggested that this flexibility in the available hours be extended to other services.…”

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