Tailoring the surface properties of carbon nitride incorporated thin film nanocomposite membrane for forward osmosis desalination

Forward osmosis membranes and processes: A comprehensive review of research trends and future outlook

“…A group of researchers highlighted that increasing the length of the FO membrane module induced the permeate flow, the energy of recirculating the solution and the overall energy expenditure of the FO process [15]. To eliminate the above-aforementioned issues on the membrane performance, extensive research is in progress by implementing novel fabrication, surface modifications [16,17], reinforcing additives, and so on [18,19]. The fundamental objectives in an FO process are high water permeation and selectivity associated with minimum reverse solute flux.…”

3D macroporous CUPC/g-C3N4 heterostructured composites for highly efficient multifunctional solar evaporation

“…The CN membrane is composed of heptazines with abundant hydrophilic amino and oxygen containing groups, and therefore has the largest degree of hydrophilicity. 37 The water drop spread quickly and the contact angle stabilized to be less than 15° within 3 s for all the composite membranes. Excellent hydrophilicity of the photothermal membrane would ensure continuous and effective water transport for evaporation of sea water under sunlight irradiation.…”

Review of 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Membranes: Principles, Syntheses, and Applications

“…Aziz et al synthesized protonated g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets by the acid-assisted polycondensation method and blended the g-C 3 N 4 with PA to independently tailor the TFN intrinsic surface properties, thereby improving the desalination performance of the TFN membrane . The hydrophilic surface of g-C 3 N 4 could also reduce the surface negative charge of the PA layer, leading to a significant promotion of forward osmosis performance for g-C 3 N 4 /GO TFN membranes.…”

“…The g-C 3 N 4 modifiers significantly enhanced the wettability of the g-C 3 N 4 /GO composite substrate due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen atoms of g-C 3 N 4 and H 2 O molecules (Figure a). Aziz et al reported an acid-assisted polycondensation method to synthesize protonated g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets that could alter the intrinsic surface properties of the PA layer (Figure b) . The hydrophilicity of g-C 3 N 4 could reduce the surface water contact value of the PA layer, leading to significant promotion of the FO performance for g-C 3 N 4 /GO TFN membranes.…”