Taking radar aeroecology into the 21st century

Shamoun-Baranes, Judy; Nilsson, Cecilia; Bauer, Silke; Chapman, Jason W.

doi:10.1111/ecog.04582

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Radar is one promising tool for monitoring the migration behaviors of small insects and large animals 14,76,77 . To be useful, this method needs large‐scale and long‐term radar networks and improvements in target recognition, especially for small insects 78,79 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,76,77 To be useful, this method needs largescale and long-term radar networks and improvements in target recognition, especially for small insects. 78,79 Genetic approaches have been proposed as efficient methods to trace migrant sources; however, applying these in the wild has proved challenging. 16,41 Previous population genetic studies investigating migratory trajectories of DBM have used marker sets such as mitochondrial genes and microsatellites, but these have not shown much differentiation among populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration trajectories of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China inferred from population genomic variation

Chen

Cao

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a notorious pest of cruciferous plants. In temperate areas, annual populations of DBM originate from adult migrants. However, the source populations and migration trajectories of immigrants remain unclear. Here, we investigated migration trajectories of DBM in China using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped using double‐digest RAD (ddRAD) sequencing. We first analyzed patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure among southern source and northern recipient populations, then inferred migration trajectories into northern regions using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), assignment tests, and spatial kinship patterns. RESULTS Temporal genetic differentiation among populations was low, indicating that sources of recipient populations and migration trajectories are stable. Spatial genetic structure indicated three genetic clusters in the southern source populations. Assignment tests linked northern populations to the Sichuan cluster, and central–eastern populations to the southern and Yunnan clusters, indicating that Sichuan populations are sources of northern immigrants and southern and Yunnan populations are sources of central–eastern populations. First‐order (full‐sib) and second‐order (half‐sib) kin pairs were always found within populations, but ~ 35–40% of third‐order (cousin) pairs were found in different populations. Closely related individuals in different populations were found at distances of 900–1500 km in ~ 35–40% of cases, while some were separated by > 2000 km. CONCLUSION This study unravels seasonal migration patterns in the DBM. We demonstrate how careful sampling and population genomic analyses can be combined to help understand cryptic migration patterns in insects. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration trajectories of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China inferred from population genomic variation

Chen

Cao

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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“…Pulsed scanning weather radar remains a mainstream technology for insect monitoring using previous decades’ achievements and created radar networks [ 20 , 103 , 107 , 129 , 144 , 147 , 148 , 149 ]. This radar type has become a well developed solution.…”

Section: Insect Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques

Noskov

Bendix

Frieß

2021

Sensors

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Drastic declines in insect populations are a vital concern worldwide. Despite widespread insect monitoring, the significant gaps in the literature must be addressed. Future monitoring techniques must be systematic and global. Advanced technologies and computer solutions are needed. We provide here a review of relevant works to show the high potential for solving the aforementioned problems. Major historical and modern methods of insect monitoring are considered. All major radar solutions are carefully reviewed. Insect monitoring with radar is a well established technique, but it is still a fast-growing topic. The paper provides an updated classification of insect radar sets. Three main groups of insect radar solutions are distinguished: scanning, vertical-looking, and harmonic. Pulsed radar sets are utilized for all three groups, while frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) systems are applied only for vertical-looking and harmonic insect radar solutions. This work proves the high potential of radar entomology based on the growing research interest, along with the emerging novel setups, compact devices, and data processing approaches. The review exposes promising insect monitoring solutions using compact radar instruments. The proposed compact and resource-effective setups can be very beneficial for systematic insect monitoring.

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“…The US weather radar network (NEXRAD) consists of 143 radar stations across the contiguous United States, each station scanning the atmosphere every 5–10 min, registering information on hydrometeors and other ‘small’ objects in the airspace, and archiving these data in near real time in a curated and public database (Ansari et al., 2018). The potential value of this dataset for biological study and recent advances in the field of radar ornithology (Shamoun‐Baranes et al., 2019), including machine learning methods (Lin et al., 2019) and increased computational power, facilitated mining this large and unique resource to extract information on bird movements at large spatial (Dokter et al., 2018) and long temporal scales (Horton, Van Doren, et al., 2019). We sample nocturnal migration periods because most migratory species fly during the night (Horton, Nilsson, et al., 2019; Newton, 2008) and the algorithms for automated extraction of bird movement from weather radar have been optimized for nocturnal migration (Dokter et al., 2011, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird strikes at commercial airports explained by citizen science and weather radar data

Nilsson

Sorte

Dokter

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Aircraft collisions with birds span the entire history of human aviation, including fatal collisions during some of the first powered human flights. Much effort has been expended to reduce such collisions, but increased knowledge about bird movements and species occurrence could dramatically improve decision support and proactive measures to reduce them. Migratory movements of birds pose a unique, often overlooked, threat to aviation that is particularly difficult for individual airports to monitor and predict the occurrence of birds vary extensively in space and time at the local scales of airport responses.2. We use two publicly available datasets, radar data from the US NEXRAD network characterizing migration movements and eBird data collected by citizen scientists to map bird movements and species composition with low human effort expenditures but high temporal and spatial resolution relative to other large-scale bird survey methods.As a test case, we compare results from weather radar distributions and eBird species composition with detailed bird strike records from three major New York airports.3. We show that weather radar-based estimates of migration intensity can accurately predict the probability of bird strikes, with 80% of the variation in bird strikes across the year explained by the average amount of migratory movements captured on weather radar. We also show that eBird-based estimates of species occurrence can, using species' body mass and flocking propensity, accurately predict when most damaging strikes occur.4. Synthesis and applications. By better understanding when and where different bird species occur, airports across the world can predict seasonal periods of collision risks with greater temporal and spatial resolution; such predictions include potential to predict when the most severe and damaging strikes may occur. Our results highlight the power of federating datasets with bird movement and distributionThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Taking radar aeroecology into the 21st century

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Migration trajectories of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China inferred from population genomic variation

Migration trajectories of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China inferred from population genomic variation

A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques

Bird strikes at commercial airports explained by citizen science and weather radar data

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