Taller-than-wide Thyroid Nodules With Microcalcifications Are at High Risk of Malignancy

Papapostolou, Konstantinos; Evangelopoulou, Catherine; Ioannidis, Ioannis; Kassi, Georgia; Morfas, Konstantinos S; Karaminas, Nikolaos I; Karga, Helen

doi:10.21873/invivo.12014

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The taller-than-wide shape (vertical) was significantly associated with malignancy [23]. Taller-than-wide nodules with microcalcifications were most likely to be malignant, and there was a strong negative correlation between the size and taller-than-wide shape of a thyroid nodule [24]. Those with a nodule size between 30 and 59 mm had a 26% greater malignancy risk than those with nodules <30 mm in largest diameter [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrasonographic Features of Intrathyroidal Thymic Carcinoma: Review and Analysis of 10 Cases

Wang¹,

Yang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Advanced Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Therapy

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Intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma (ITTC) is a rare epithelial tumor of the thyroid gland. Since ITTC is rare, its imaging findings have not been well defined. In the present study, we studied the US appearance of ITTC by analyzing ten cases retrospectively.Methods: Patients were identified by searching the surgical pathology records at our hospital. There were three male and seven female patients ranging in age from 40 to 79 years. The ultrasound (US) features were evaluated, and the relevant clinical data were combined with the fine needle aspiration (FNA) results from previous publications. Results:The average length of the nodules was 48 mm. Of all ten nodules, half were located in the right lobe of the thyroid, and half were located in the left lobe, either immediately adjacent to the lower lobe or within the lower part of the thyroid lobe. All nodules manifested with a completely solid composition and heterogeneous hypoechoic echogenicity. Three nodules had striped hyperechogenicity within the nodule. All nodules had irregular margins. Seven had a horizontal shape, and three had a vertical shape. Four nodules manifested with mainly peripheral vascularity, two nodules showed mainly central vascularity, and three had mixed vascularity. The vascularity of one remaining nodule was unknown. Cervical lymph node metastasis was detected in two cases by US examination. According to previous literature, FNA cytology revealed atypical type of thyroid cancer, poorly differentiated carcinoma, or a high-grade malignant thyroid neoplasm without further definitive classification. Conclusion:A large cancer-like nodule located within the lower thyroid in middle-aged people, combined with an atypical type of thyroid cancer after FNA, indicated that ITTC should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrasonographic Features of Intrathyroidal Thymic Carcinoma: Review and Analysis of 10 Cases

Wang¹,

Yang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Advanced Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Therapy

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“…Microcalcification was also included as a predictor in the model. Previous studies have reported that microcalcification is closely related to PTC based on coloured Doppler images combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), showing that microcalcification is a strong predictor for PTC [ 39 , 40 ]. However, various scholars have also proposed that CEUS has difficulty in determining whether the tiny hyperechoic foci derived from microcalcifications or colloid crystals sometimes lead to biases in predictions of the model, thus requiring constant observation in subsequent work [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imprinted gene detection effectively improves the diagnostic accuracy for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Chen,

Yin,

Zhang

et al. 2024

BMC Cancer

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Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent histological type of thyroid carcinoma. Although an increasing number of diagnostic methods have recently been developed, the diagnosis of a few nodules is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive prediction model to optimize the diagnosis of PTC. Methods A total of 152 thyroid nodules that were evaluated by postoperative pathological examination were included in the development and validation cohorts recruited from two centres between August 2019 and February 2022. Patient data, including general information, cytopathology, imprinted gene detection, and ultrasound features, were obtained to establish a prediction model for PTC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a bidirectional elimination approach was performed to identify the predictors and develop the model. Results A comprehensive prediction model with predictors, such as component, microcalcification, imprinted gene detection, and cytopathology, was developed. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the developed model were 0.98, 97.0%, 89.5%, and 94.4%, respectively. The prediction model also showed satisfactory performance in both internal and external validations. Moreover, the novel method (imprinted gene detection) was demonstrated to play a role in improving the diagnosis of PTC. Conclusion The present study developed and validated a comprehensive prediction model for PTC, and a visualized nomogram based on the prediction model was provided for clinical application. The prediction model with imprinted gene detection effectively improves the diagnosis of PTCs that are undetermined by the current means.

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“…Color Doppler can confirm the presence of calcification (P<0.05). Data in some studies (31)(32)(33) indicates that microcalcification has high specificity (95%) and low sensitivity (29-36%) for malignant thyroid tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhao¹,

Yi²,

Lin³

et al. 2021

Gland Surg

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Background: This study aimed to analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on using color Doppler ultrasound, thyroid nodules, thyroid tumors, and Doppler ultrasound to diagnose the thyroid nodules. The outcome indicators in the articles had to include the numbers of true positives (TP), false positives (FP), false negatives (FN), and true negatives (TN). Subsequently, the Jadad tool was adopted to evaluate the quality of the included articles, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the experimental data.Results: A total of eight suitable articles were selected. The results showed that the estimated sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler ultrasound for the diagnostic of thyroid nodules were 0.46-0.89 and 0.00-1.00, respectively. The pooled estimate of sensitivity for the different articles was 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.89], and the pooled estimate of specificity was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.00-1.00). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) was 0.917, which was larger than 0.9, signifying high diagnostic accuracy. This suggests that color doppler ultrasound can realize the clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Discussion: In summary, the results of this study could provide a clinical data for the promotion and application of color Doppler ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodules, as well as further reliable data for follow-up clinical research on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules.

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Taller-than-wide Thyroid Nodules With Microcalcifications Are at High Risk of Malignancy

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Ultrasonographic Features of Intrathyroidal Thymic Carcinoma: Review and Analysis of 10 Cases

Ultrasonographic Features of Intrathyroidal Thymic Carcinoma: Review and Analysis of 10 Cases

Imprinted gene detection effectively improves the diagnostic accuracy for papillary thyroid carcinoma

The value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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