Gold core-shell nanostructures have unique optical properties due to strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance, which is a collective oscillation of conduction-band electrons within the structures induced by the oscillating dipole of a resonant wavelength of light. By varying the core composition, core radius, and shell thickness, the optical resonances of core-shell nanostructures-including silica-core gold nanoshells, hollow gold nanoshells, and hollow gold nanocages-can be continuously tuned through wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet region to the infrared region. These novel nanoparticles have been shown to be useful for a variety of potential applications in biomedicine, including cancer molecular optical imaging, controlled drug delivery, and photothermal ablation therapy. In this chapter, we provide an up-to-date summary of the synthesis, characterization, and preclinical evaluation of gold core-shell nanostructures. We also touch upon the development of multifunctional gold core-shell nanoparticles for theranostic applications (i.e., simultaneous treatment and diagnosis) for cancer.
INTRODUCTIONTheranostics are agents that have both a treatment and a diagnostic function. The theranostic approach tailors treatment to the individual patient and has the potential to offer improved therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects, and improved cost effectiveness. Nanotechnology as an enabling technology has attracted much attention in recent years. In particular, multifunctional nanomaterials incorporating both diagnostic and therapeutic functions have been created and evaluated for cancer theranostic applications.Nanomaterials that interact with light provide a unique opportunity [1]. These photocoupling agents can not only report the molecular-specific signatures of cancer with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution but also mediate photochemical, photothermal, and photomechanical responses that can be harnessed to kill cancer cells.
Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging Edited by Xiaoyuan Chen