Taxonomic revision of Chamaepinnularia krookiformis Lange-Bertalot et Krammer with a description of Chamaepinnularia plinskii sp. nov.

Abstract

Abstract:The benthic diatoms collected during our recent research in athalassic habitats exemplify a high morphological variability within Chamaepinnularia krookiformis lange-Bertalot et krammer. The species has already been known from freshwater ecosystems as well as from brackish waters in different regions of Europe. This variability has been also confirmed by the analysis of the literature. However, this is the first time that the morphological variability of the species has been addressed. In order to revise C. krookiformis and describe a new species, which has been distinguished on the basis of our material, we compared it with the type material of Pinnularia krookiformis krammer 1992 from the periodic saline pool in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Germany). This study deals with a morphological analysis based on a large populations of C. krookiformis from Pełczyska (Central Poland). Selected morphological features were analysed, i.e.: valve length and width, number of striae in 10 µm, apices width, constrictions width, apices/constrictions width ratio, central-area length, and valve/central area length ratio. The results of light (LM) and scanning (SEM) microscopy, supported by multidimensional scaling (MDS), allowed for the distinction of three different morphotypes. Two of them match krammer concept of Pinnularia krookiformis from 1992, while the third, occurring in our samples in three sampling sites, is clearly different. Thus, we described a new species Chamaepinnularia plinskii sp. nov., by the following major features: the valves are linear, symmetric, with rounded, capitate apices, the axial area is narrow, expanding to a wide central area forming a fascia, distal raphe endings are hooked to the same side of the valve and striae slightly radiate in the middle and in the rounded apices, becoming parallel in constrictions, 20-26 in 10 µm. This species occurs in inland waters with a wide range of chloride concentration, from 1000 to 3500 mg.l -1.

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“…Both species were the most abundant in locations subjected to periodic drying and characterised by high concentrations of chloride ions (up to 1006 mg L -1 ) indicating a brackish environment (Żelazna-Wieczorek, Olszyński & Nowicka-Krawczyk 2015). On the basis of our findings and those of previous studies (Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1986;Krammer 1992;Witkowski 1994;Bąk, Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot 2006;Wojtal 2009;Peszek et al 2015;Żelazna-Wieczorek & Olszyński 2016), according to Van Dam et al (1994) ecological indicator system we propose: established ecological indicator values for Chamaepinnularia plinskii -pH requirements: 3 (neutrophilic); -salinity: 4 (mesohalobous); -trophic state: 5 (eutrophic); -moisture aerophily: 4 (aerophilic); -saprobity: 4 (α-meso-polysabrobe). for C. krookiformis -trophic state: 5 (eutrophic), and the following changes for Chamaepinnularia krookiformis -salinity: from 3 to 4 (mesohalobous); -moisture aerophily: from 3 to 4 (aerophilic); -saprobity: from 2 to 4 (β-mesosaprobe to α-meso-polysabrobe).…”

“…The water ecosystems created in the post-mining areas create a complex of conditions that are not found in other natural ecosystems, and the benthic diatom species present in such environments are very often present in higher numbers than in other habitats. The specific hydrogeological conditions prevailing in the post-production reservoirs provide a unique opportunity to observe interspecies differences and intra-species variability, allowing for the verification or isolation of new taxa and a greater insight into their autecology (Żelazna-Wieczorek & Olszyński 2016;Olszyński & Żelazna-Wieczorek 2018). The identification of species characteristic of the studied ecosystems may foster further growth of ecological research and increase the reliability of surface water quality assessment, as such knowledge is needed to verify their ecological indicator values, and hence calculate diatoms indices with greater accuracy.…”

“…Currently, salt water flows out of one of them. This area has been studied by biologists and hydrobiologists since the 1960s (Olaczek 1963;Pliński 1966;Pliński 1969;Pliński 1971a;Pliński 1971b;Pliński 1971c;Pliński 1973;Żelazna-Wieczorek 1996;Żelazna-Wieczorek 2002;Żelazna-Wieczorek, Olszyński & Nowicka-Krawczyk 2015;Żelazna-Wieczorek & Olszyński 2016). The waterbodies chosen for our research form the PE hydrological complex located in the vicinity of farmland; it comprises the salt water outflow, a drainage ditch and a pond, which acts as the receiver of the water.…”

“…In 2016 Chamaepinnularia krookiformis was divided into two separate taxa: C. krookiformis and C. plinskii (Żelazna-Wieczorek & Olszyński 2016). Both species were very often recorded together in the same ecosystem.…”

Substratum‐Associated Microbiota

“…nov., described from an artificial channel experiment, also included the observation of two chloroplasts to further confirm the taxonomic designation of this species . As part of a taxonomic revision of Chamaepinnularia krookiformis, C plinskii sp nov., was described from athalassic waters (i.e., inland saline lakes) in Europe (Zelazna-Wieczorek and Olszynski, 2016 (Bertolli, Talgatti and Torgan, 2016). Simonsenia maolaniana sp.…”