Taxonomy and Emended Description of Strains of Erwinia Isolated from Musa paradisiaca Linnaeus

API 20E and API SOCHE systems (72 phenotypic tests) were applied to a total of 529 strains, including 421 strains belonging to 21 different Erwinia species, 66 Enterobacter agglomerans strains, 18 Escherichia adecarboxylata strains, and 24 strains of 16 other enterobacteria. The results were analyzed numerically by using the Gower similarity coefficient and the unweighted average linkage method. The named Erwinia strains were distributed over 27 phena, some of which also contained strains received as Enterobacter agglomerans. Strains of Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia cypripedii, Erwinia mallotivora, Erwinia nigrijiuens, Erwinia paradisiaca, Erwinia quercina, Erwinia rubrifaciens, Erwinia salicis, Erwinia stewartii, and Escherichia adecarboxylata constitute separate phena. Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Erwinia rhapontici are heterogeneous, but distinct from each other and from the other phena. The type strains of Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Erwinia milletiae fall into one phenon, and strains of Erwinia ananas and Erwinia uredovora are in a single phenon. Obviously misnamed Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter agglomerans strains can be assigned to other species, such as Erwinia cypripedii, Erwinia ananas, Erwinia rhapontici, Rahnella aquatilis, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia adecarboxyluta, and Serratia marcescens or to as-yet-unnamed phena. Three Erwinia carnegieana strains, but not the type strain, form one phenon. Erwinia dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis should be allocated to Enterobacter. Our results confirm the heterogeneous taxonomic structure of the genus Erwinia.According to Lelliott and Dickey (41), the genus Erwinia consists of 15 species that are associated with plants as pathogens, saprophytes, or epiphytes. Erwinia herbicola also includes human clinical isolates. There are 21 Erwinia species names on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (58).Several attempts have been made to clarify the taxonomic structure of Erwinia; these have been based on different methodologies, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization (2, &lo, 29,32,47), comparative phenotypic studies (17,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)27,30,45,67), serological studies (11,19,59,60,72), gel electrophoresis of proteins (43,44,46,69), and characterization of the respiratory quinones and enzymes of fumarate metabolism (32). The problems related to the taxonomy of Erwinia have been discussed extensively (5 , 41, 45, 63, 65). These problems are based mainly on the heterogeneity of the genus Erwinia, as reflected in (i) the (former) subdivision of Erwinia into three "natural groups" based on phytopathological characteristics (21-25, 40), (ii) the unclear delineation of some species, such as Erwinia carotovora and Erwinia herbicola, due to their internal heterogeneity (4, 45, 63, 65), and (iii) the existence of an "Erwinia herbicola-Enterobacter agglomerans complex," with unclear relationships among its members and with other taxa of the Enterobacteriaceae (4).Because of the inadequa...

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“…paradisiaca by Dickey and Victoria (20) and Dye et al (26). These strains cause soft rot of the pseudostem of Musa paradisiaca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the past, several authors have proposed subdivision of Erwinia chrysanthemi into four DNA homology groups (9), six phenotypic groups (17,20), or five serogroups (55,56). We could differentiate only two subphena.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genus Erwinia: Numerical Analysis of Phenotypic Features

Verdonck

Mergaert

Rijckaert

et al. 1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…The bacterial isolates were tested for the physiological and biochemical characteristics with regard to potato soft rot, gelatine liquefaction, sensitivity to erythromycin, indole production, phosphatase test, growth at 36 to 37 0 C. The tests were conducted as per the methods described by Dickey and Victoria (1980) and Dickey (1981).…”

Section: Biochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lakshmanan and Mohan (1986) observed tip over disease or head rot caused by Erwinia carotovora in Tamil Nadu in North Arcot and Trichy districts. Dickey and Victoria (1980) reported that, the strain from M. paradisiaca in Colambia was very similar to E. chrysanthemi on the basis of biochemical and physiological properties. Snehalatharani and Khan, (2010) reported the bacterium showing positive for pectate degradation on CVP medium, growth at 36 0 C and 39 0 C, catalose production and negative for indole production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphological and Biochemical Properties Useful for Identification of Erwinia chrysanthemi

Vasundhara¹,

Thammaiah²

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…In the case of pathogenic differences between the isolates, host specificity seems difficult to prove (Dickey, 1981;Janse and Ruissen, 1988). However, physiological (biochemical) testing revealed differences between E chrysanthemi strains (Hildebrand et al, 1978;Samson and Nassan-Agha, 1978; Dickey, 1979;Dickey and Victoria, 1980;Thomson et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%