Tea Polyphenol Liposomes Overcome Gastric Mucus to Treat Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Enhance the Intestinal Microenvironment

Abstract

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one of the leading causes of stomach cancer. The ability to treat Hp infection is hampered by a lack of stomach gastric acid environment. This work introduces a nanoliposome that can rapidly adjust the gastric acid environment to ensure a drug's optimal efficacy. We introduce CaCO 3 @Fe−TP@EggPC nanoliposomes (CTE NLs) that are composed of Fe 3+ and tea polyphenols (TPs) forming complexes on the surface of internal CaCO 3 and then with lecithin producing a phospholipid bilayer on the polyphenols' outer surface. Through the action of iron−TP chelate, the phospholipid layer can fuse with the bacterial membrane to eliminate Hp. Furthermore, CaCO 3 can promptly consume the excessive gastric acid, ensuring an ideal operating environment for the chelate. TPs, on the other hand, can improve the inflammation and gut microbes in the body. The experimental results show that CTE NLs can quickly consume protons in the stomach and reduce the bacterial burden by 1.2 orders of magnitude while reducing the inflammatory factors in the body. The biosafety evaluation revealed that nanoliposomes have good biocompatibility and provide a new strategy for treating Hp infection.

Nano-Based Drug Delivery of Polyphenolic Compounds for Cancer Treatment: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

“…A tea polyphenol liposome was designed to treat helicobacter pylori infection, which is one of the main causes of gastric cancer [ 143 ]. The phospholipid layer in this nanoliposome can inhibit the growth of helicobacter pylori via fusion with the bacterial membrane [ 144 ]. Moreover, tea polyphenols in this nanosystem can reduce inflammation and improve the gut microbes to construct a healthier gastrointestinal environment [ 144 ].…”

“…The phospholipid layer in this nanoliposome can inhibit the growth of helicobacter pylori via fusion with the bacterial membrane [ 144 ]. Moreover, tea polyphenols in this nanosystem can reduce inflammation and improve the gut microbes to construct a healthier gastrointestinal environment [ 144 ]. This tea polyphenol-based nanoliposome provides a new strategy for treating helicobacter pylori infection and preventing the subsequent development of gastric cancer [ 144 ].…”

Polyphenol Mechanisms against Gastric Cancer and Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota: A Review

“…More attention should be paid to how to deliver higher concentrations of polyphenols to target organs to improve their absorption and utilization. The existing polyphenol nano-drug delivery technology may have great potential in this regard [ 121 ]. In fact, studies have demonstrated that polyphenols can provide a powerful environment for tumor immunotherapy by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) [ 122 ].…”

Recent advances on the regulation of bacterial biofilm formation by herbal medicines

“…Similarly, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, tea polyphenol), which is present in green tea, also showed anti-biofilm and anti-infection activities by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and P. aeruginosa by reduction of C4-AHL production ( Vidigal et al, 2014 ; Hao et al, 2021 ). In mice, these compounds protect mice from infections by different pathogens, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus ( Long et al, 2019 ), H. pylori ( Muhammad et al, 2015 ; Deng et al, 2022 ), and S. typhimurium ( Wang et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ).…”