Technical Overview and Features of the C-RAD Catalyst™ and Sentinel™ Systems

Rasmussen, Karl; Bry, Victoria; Papanikolaou, Nikos

doi:10.1201/9780429489402-3

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The main difference between resolutions is the number of arbitrary points being mapped, and the CRAD Catalyst has two options: standard and SRS‐specific resolutions. Standard resolution is typically used for deformable regions, such as the breast or extremities, while SRS‐specific resolution utilizes a higher resolution to accommodate for a smaller, more rigid surface such as the face for patient's immobilized with open face masks 29 . It is also important to note that the SGRT system must undergo an SRS‐specific resolution calibration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SGRT informs clinicians about body posture and positioning by mapping many arbitrary points on the surface of a patient over time to provide a 3D surface of the patient surface 17 . SGRT systems can incorporate different resolutions based on the treatment site to adapt to more rigid (SRS) and nonrigid treatment sites (regions of the breast or extremities) 29 . The main difference between resolutions is the number of arbitrary points being mapped, and the CRAD Catalyst has two options: standard and SRS‐specific resolutions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 SGRT systems can incorporate different resolutions based on the treatment site to adapt to more rigid (SRS) and nonrigid treatment sites (regions of the breast or extremities). 29 The main difference between resolutions is the number of arbitrary points being mapped, and the CRAD Catalyst has two options: standard and SRS-specific resolutions. Standard resolution is typically used for deformable regions, such as the breast or extremities, while SRSspecific resolution utilizes a higher resolution to accommodate for a smaller, more rigid surface such as the face for patient's immobilized with open face masks.…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard resolution is typically used for deformable regions, such as the breast or extremities, while SRSspecific resolution utilizes a higher resolution to accommodate for a smaller, more rigid surface such as the face for patient's immobilized with open face masks. 29 It is also important to note that the SGRT system must undergo an SRS-specific resolution calibration. The system works by using an image registration algorithm to compare the live 3D surface map to a baseline reference image of the patient in original treatment position.…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

End to end comparison of surface‐guided imaging versus stereoscopic X‐rays for the SRS treatment of multiple metastases with a single isocenter using 3D anthropomorphic gel phantoms

Bry

Saenz

Pappas

et al. 2022

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Introduction Two end‐to‐end tests evaluate the accuracy of a surface‐guided radiation therapy (SGRT) system (CRAD Catalyst HD) for position verification in comparison to a stereoscopic x‐ray imaging system (Brainlab Exactrac ) for single‐isocenter, multiple metastases stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using 3D polymer gel inserts. Materials and methods A 3D‐printed phantom (Prime phantom, RTsafe PC, Athens, Greece) with two separate cylindrical polymer gel inserts were immobilized in open‐face masks and treated with a single isocentric, multitarget SRS plan. Planning was done in Brainlab (Elements) to treat five metastatic lesions in one fraction, and initial setup was done using cone beam computed tomography. Positional verification was done using orthogonal X‐ray imaging (Brainlab Exactrac) and/or a surface imaging system (CRAD Catalyst HD, Uppsala, Sweden), and shift discrepancies were recorded for each couch angle. Forty‐two hours after irradiation, the gel phantom was scanned in a 1.5 Tesla MRI, and images were fused with the patient computed tomography data/structure set for further analysis of spatial dose distribution. Results Discrepancies between the CRAD Catalyst HD system and Brainlab Exactrac were <1 mm in the translational direction and <0.5° in the angular direction at noncoplanar couch angles. Dose parameters (DMean%, D95%) and 3D gamma index passing rates were evaluated for both setup modalities for each planned target volume (PTV) at a variety of thresholds: 3%/2 mm (Exactrac≥93.1% and CRAD ≥87.2%), 5%/2 mm (Exactrac≥95.6% and CRAD ≥94.6%), and 5%/1 mm (Exactrac≥81.8% and CRAD ≥83.7%). Conclusion Dose metrics for a setup with surface imaging was found to be consistent with setup using x‐ray imaging, demonstrating high accuracy and reproducibility for treatment delivery. Results indicate the feasibility of using surface imaging for position verification at noncoplanar couch angles for single‐isocenter, multiple‐target SRS using end‐to‐end quality assurance (QA) testing with 3D polymer gel dosimetry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

End to end comparison of surface‐guided imaging versus stereoscopic X‐rays for the SRS treatment of multiple metastases with a single isocenter using 3D anthropomorphic gel phantoms

Bry

Saenz

Pappas

et al. 2022

J Applied Clin Med Phys

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The system operates in two different spatial resolutions: standard and SRS. Standard resolution incorporates a non‐rigid algorithm that is beneficial for non‐rigid treatment sites in regions of the breast or extremities while SRS incorporates a higher resolution with more calculation points along with a more robust algorithm to accommodate for open‐face masks 16 . The camera has a temporal resolution of 200 frames/sec and its sensitivity can be adjusted with two parameters, Integration time (µs) and Gain (%), to account for difference in reflection produced by different skin tones 17 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying false positional corrections due to facial motion using SGRT with open‐face Masks

Bry

Licon

McCulloch

et al. 2021

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Purpose: Studies have evaluated the viability of using open-face masks as an immobilization technique to treat intracranial and head and neck cancers. This method offers less stress to the patient with comparable accuracy to closed-face masks. Open-face masks permit implementation of surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) to assist in positioning and motion management. Research suggests that changes in patient facial expressions may influence the SGRT system to generate false positional corrections. This study aims to quantify these errors produced by the SGRT system due to face motion. Methods: Ten human subjects were immobilized using open-face masks. Four discrete SGRT regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed based on anatomical features to simulate different mask openings. The largest ROI was lateral to the cheeks, superior to the eyebrows, and inferior to the mouth. The smallest ROI included only the eyes and bridge of the nose. Subjects were asked to open and close their eyes and simulate fear and annoyance and peak isocenter shifts were recorded. This was performed in both standard and SRS specific resolutions with the C-RAD Catalyst HD system. Results: All four ROIs analyzed in SRS and Standard resolutions demonstrated an average deviation of 0.3 AE 0.3 mm for eyes closed and 0.4 AE 0.4 mm shift for eyes open, and 0.3 AE 0.3 mm for eyes closed and 0.8 AE 0.9 mm shift for eyes open. The average deviation observed due to changing facial expressions was 1.4 AE 0.9 mm for SRS specific and 1.6 AE 1.6 mm for standard resolution. Conclusion: The SGRT system can generate false positional corrections for face motion and this is amplified at lower resolutions and smaller ROIs. These errors should be considered in the overall tolerances and treatment plan when using openface masks with SGRT and may warrant additional radiographic imaging.

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The Remove-the-Mask Open-Source head and neck Surface-Guided radiation therapy system

Ben Bouchta,

Gardner,

Sengupta

et al. 2024

Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology

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Technical Overview and Features of the C-RAD Catalyst™ and Sentinel™ Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

End to end comparison of surface‐guided imaging versus stereoscopic X‐rays for the SRS treatment of multiple metastases with a single isocenter using 3D anthropomorphic gel phantoms

End to end comparison of surface‐guided imaging versus stereoscopic X‐rays for the SRS treatment of multiple metastases with a single isocenter using 3D anthropomorphic gel phantoms

Quantifying false positional corrections due to facial motion using SGRT with open‐face Masks

The Remove-the-Mask Open-Source head and neck Surface-Guided radiation therapy system

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