Techno-economic and environmental assessment of essential oil extraction from Citronella (Cymbopogon winteriana) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrus): A Colombian case to evaluate different extraction technologies

Contact, fumigant, and cytotoxic activities of thyme and lemongrass essential oils against larvae and an ovarian cell line of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni

“…Variations in chemical composition owing to seasonal or geographic differences, growth conditions, and extraction methods for thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (Senatore 1996;Hudaib et al 2002;Asllani and Toska 2003) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) essential oil (Zheljazkov et al 2011;Desai et al 2014;Moncada et al 2014) are well documented, along with their insecticidal activity (Lee et al 2001;Machial et al 2010;Jiang et al 2012), repellence (Diaz-Montano andTrumble 2013;Zhang et al 2013), and physiological impact such as insect larval growth or feeding deterrence (Hummelbrunner and Isman 2001;Jiang et al 2012) as well as acaricidal activity (Sertkaya et al 2010). Although many screening data highlighted the merit of both essential oils as insect control agents, understandings of the activities of individual constituents and their comparative contributions to the overall toxicity are vital in the considerations of candidate oils as for practical use (i.e., determinations of cultivation condition, commercialization, or quality control).…”

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of essential oil extraction from Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in Colombia

“…Extraction by water distillation is the oldest technology for essential oil extraction (Moncada et al, 2014). Its advantages are summarized in high yields and high purity extracts, while its main disadvantage is the energy intensity during the vapor-dragging phase.…”

“…Next, an approximate chemical composition of the essential oil was built and used as input data for the process models explained section 2.3. The steps considered in the experimental analysis were: i) reception and crushing of the raw material, ii) drying at 30 ºC until reaching approximately 10 wt.% of moisture (for storage purposes), iii) material grinding to particle size below 500 µm to in order to increase the interfacial area and reduce mass transfer limitations (Reverchon and Senatore, 1992) iv) extraction by water distillation (2 hours), v) condensation and separation, vi) storage and sample preparation (Moncada et al, 2014). It is important to highlight that the effect of the extraction conditions were not considered in this study.…”

“…A temperature program was used for efficient separation as follows: 50 ºC for 2 min, temperature ramp of 7 ºC per min to 85 ºC for 5 min, temperature ramp of 10 ºC per min to 130 ºC for 5 min, temperature ramp of 10 ºC per min to 200 ºC for 3 min, temperature ramp of 10 ºC per min to 250 ºC for 3 min. An Agilent Technologies 5975B mass spectrometer was used for identification and quantification of the essential oil compounds (Moncada et al, 2014). …”

“…Next, the raw material was milled to a particle size of 5cm in average, and subsequently dried at 30 ºC until 10 wt.% moisture content. The dried solids were grinded to a particle size below 500 µm, to expose the oily fraction and increase the extraction yield (due to an increase of the interfacial area) (Moncada et al, 2014;Reverchon and Senatore, 1992). After this, the reduced size solid was packed in the extraction vessel.…”