Telling general linguists about Altaic

Georg, Stefan; Michalove, Peter A.; Ramer, Alexis Manaster; Sidwell, Paul

doi:10.1017/s0022226798007312

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Social and academic interest in orthodontics is increasing in Mongolia, but there are no data available in orthodontic or other professional journals concerning cephalometric standards for the Mongolian population. Various anthropological studies have reported linguistic 19 and genetic [20][21][22][23][24] associations between Mongolians and Koreans, but cephalometric comparisons between the two related ethnic groups have not been reported. The purposes of this study were (1) to establish the cephalometric norms of men and women adults from Mongolia who were selected on the basis of having normal occlusions and well-balanced profiles, and (2) to compare them with the cephalometric norms of the Korean samples selected with the same process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cephalometric norms between Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced profiles

Kim

Gansukh

Bazar³

et al. 2011

Korean J Orthod

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Objective: The purposes of this study were to establish cephalometric norms of Mongolian adults, which have not previously been reported in orthodontic journals, and to compare them with cephalometric norms of Korean adults. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 74 Mongolian adults (35 men, 39 women) and 95 Korean adults (52 men, 43 women) with normal occlusions and well-balanced lateral profiles were obtained. The subjects were chosen by orthodontists of the same ethnic background. Forty craniofacial variables were measured, and groups were compared by analysis of covariance. Results: The cephalometric norms for male and female Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced lateral profiles were established. Sexual dimorphism was found in linear skeletal measurements and vertical skeletal relationships. Compared with Korean adults, Mongolian adults had shorter anterior facial height, more prominent chins, and more upright upper incisors. There were few differences in soft tissue measurements. The differences were statistically significant, but their clinical importance may be limited. Conclusions: Cephalometric differences can be considered, but little difference may exist in the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning of Mongolian and Korean adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cephalometric norms between Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced profiles

Kim

Gansukh

Bazar³

et al. 2011

Korean J Orthod

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“…The third, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth of these families are sometimes related by various versions of the Altaic hypothesis, which asserts a genetic relation between Mongolic, Tungusic, and Turkic (Ramstedt 1952) or between these three families and Koreanic (Poppe 1960) and Japonic (Starostin et al 2003;Robbeets 2005). However, there is still no scholarly consensus about the Altaic hypothesis; for critiques, see Georg et al (1999) and Vovin (2005), among many others. 1 Food production in Northeast Asia ranges from wet rice cultivation in Korea and Japan to steppe pastoralism in Mongolic and Turkic language areas, to reindeer pastoralism among speakers of Kamchukotic, Yeniseic, Yukaghiric, and Tungusic, to hunting and fishing among these groups and Ainuic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan

Whitman

2011

Rice

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The languages of Northeast Asia show evidence of dispersal from south to north, consistent with the hypothesis that agriculture spread north and east from the vicinity of Liaoning, beginning with the millets approximately 5500 BP. Wet rice agriculture in Korea and Japan results from a later spread, also beginning in Shandong, crossing via the Liaodong peninsula and reaching the Korean peninsula around 1500 BCE. This dispersal is associated with the Mumun archaeological culture after 1500 BCE in the Korean peninsula and the Yayoi culture after 950 BCE in the Japanese archipelago. From a linguistic standpoint, it is associated with the entry of the Japonic language family, first into the Korean peninsula, subsequently into the Japanese archipelago. The arrival of Koreanic is associated with the advent of the Korean-style bronze dagger culture and a temporary hiatus in wet rice agriculture sites around 300 BCE. Both Koreanic and Japonic are relatively shallow language families, with Koreanic the shallower of the two, consistent with the chronology above. The gap between the earliest linguistically motivated dates for these language families and the archaeological events is the result of a linguistic founders effect, providing further evidence for demic diffusion as a source for their distribution.

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“…There are researchers who group Korean and Japanese as part of an even greater family—Altaic. The macro-Altaic hypothesis (we use the term ‘macro-Altaic’ to refer to the Altaic hypothesis that includes Tungusic, Mongolic, Turkic, Japanese, Ainu and Korean, as opposed to simply ‘Altaic’ or ‘micro-Altaic’ that only covers Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic) also includes Mongolian and Turkish [51]. Glottolog, which was used as the information source for linguistic genealogy in this paper, does not place Korean and Japanese in the same family, nor does the Ethnologue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are some languages confused for others? Investigating data from the Great Language Game

Skirgård

Roberts

Yencken³

2017

PLoS ONE

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In this paper we explore the results of a large-scale online game called ‘the Great Language Game’, in which people listen to an audio speech sample and make a forced-choice guess about the identity of the language from 2 or more alternatives. The data include 15 million guesses from 400 audio recordings of 78 languages. We investigate which languages are confused for which in the game, and if this correlates with the similarities that linguists identify between languages. This includes shared lexical items, similar sound inventories and established historical relationships. Our findings are, as expected, that players are more likely to confuse two languages that are objectively more similar. We also investigate factors that may affect players’ ability to accurately select the target language, such as how many people speak the language, how often the language is mentioned in written materials and the economic power of the target language community. We see that non-linguistic factors affect players’ ability to accurately identify the target. For example, languages with wider ‘global reach’ are more often identified correctly. This suggests that both linguistic and cultural knowledge influence the perception and recognition of languages and their similarity.

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Telling general linguists about Altaic

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of cephalometric norms between Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced profiles

Comparison of cephalometric norms between Mongolian and Korean adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced profiles

Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan

Why are some languages confused for others? Investigating data from the Great Language Game

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