TEM observations of buckling and fracture modes for compressed thick multiwall carbon nanotubes

Zhao, Jiong; He, Mo‐Rigen; Dai, Sheng; Huang, Jia‐Qi; Wei, Fei; Zhu, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.09.005

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…For instance, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to reveal the force–distance curve of nanotubes while buckling [ 87 ]. More direct characterizations of nanotube buckling were obtained by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [ 88 , 89 , 90 ], as partly demonstrated in Figure 2 (see Section 4.2 ). However, the experimental investigation of nanotube buckling remains a challenge because of difficulties in manipulation at the nanometric scale.…”

Section: Background Of Nanotube Buckling Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now turn to experimental facts [ 128 ]. Because of the difficulty in sample preparation and manipulation, only a few attempts have been made to perform axial buckling measurements [ 88 , 89 , 90 ]. In particular, experimental realization of shell buckling under compression has largely behind, though its signature has been obtained via nanoindentation [ 129 ].…”

Section: Axial Compression Bucklingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buckling of Carbon Nanotubes: A State of the Art Review

Shima

2011

Materials

116

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The nonlinear mechanical response of carbon nanotubes, referred to as their “buckling" behavior, is a major topic in the nanotube research community. Buckling means a deformation process in which a large strain beyond a threshold causes an abrupt change in the strain energy vs. deformation profile. Thus far, much effort has been devoted to analysis of the buckling of nanotubes under various loading conditions: compression, bending, torsion, and their certain combinations. Such extensive studies have been motivated by (i) the structural resilience of nanotubes against buckling and (ii) the substantial influence of buckling on their physical properties. In this contribution, I review the dramatic progress in nanotube buckling research during the past few years.

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Section: Background Of Nanotube Buckling Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Axial Compression Bucklingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buckling of Carbon Nanotubes: A State of the Art Review

Shima

2011

Materials

116

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“…The atomic-scale structure of this buckling in bent carbon NTs was observed using ex situ HRTEM. 99 Recently, the buckling and fracture modes of thick (diameter 420 nm) MWCNTs under compressive stress were examined using in situ TEM by Zhao et al 103 The buckling behavior of MWCNTs under compression falls into two categories; the first is non-axial buckling and subsequently complex Yoshimura patterns can be induced on the compressive side of the MWCNTs. The second is axial buckling followed by catastrophic failure.…”

Section: Others: Atomic Mechanisms Of the Deformation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

2013

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Sub-micron and nanostructured materials exhibit high strength, ultra-large elasticity and unusual plastic deformation behaviors. These properties are important for their applications as building blocks for the fabrication of nano-and micro-devices as well as for their use as components for composite materials, high-strength structural and novel functional materials. These nano-related deformation and mechanical behaviors, which are derived from possible size and dimensional effects and the low density of defects, are considerably different from their conventional bulk counterparts. The atomic-scale understanding of the microstructural evolution process of nanomaterials when they are subjected to external stress is crucial for understanding these 'unusual' phenomena and is important for designing new materials, novel structures and applications. This review presents the recent developments in the methods, techniques, instrumentation and scientific progress for atomic-scale in situ deformation dynamics on nanomaterials, including nanowires, nanotubes, nanocrystals, nanofilms and polycrystalline nanomaterials. The unusual dislocation initiation, partial-full dislocation transition, crystalline-amorphous transitions and fracture phenomena related to the experimental mechanics of the nanomaterials are reviewed. Current limitations and future aspects using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of nanomaterials are also discussed. A new research field of in situ experimental mechanics at the atomic scale is thus expected. Keywords: atomic scale; dislocation; experimental mechanics; in situ; nanomaterial; twin INTRODUCTION Recent studies on nanostructured materials, including nanowires (NWs), 1,2 nanotubes (NTs), 1,3 nanocrystals (NC), 4 micro/nanopillars (NPs) 5-7 and nanocrystalline, 8,9 have revealed a variety of 'unusual deformation' phenomena compared with their bulk counterparts, such as high strength, nano-piezoelectric effects and unusual plastic deformation behaviors. Nanostructured materials can apparently sustain a larger dynamic range of elastic and plastic strains than conventional materials. The results from these studies indicate that the fundamental dislocation processes that initiate and sustain plastic flow and fracture in nanoscale materials are considerably different than in their conventional bulk counterparts. These 'unusual' phenomena not only allow these materials to possess excellent mechanical properties but also enable the tuning of their band structures and related novel electronic, magnetic, optical, photonic and catalytic properties. Revealing the atomic-scale deformation mechanisms of nanomaterials (NM) and controlling their elastic and plastic properties are useful for realizing the desired mechanical, physical and chemical properties through the application of stress or strain.Although extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of NM, 10 the majority of the atomic

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“…Mechanical properties of CNTs have been investigated by many groups. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] For example, Falvo et al examined the behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) under large strain and found that MWCNTs could be bent repeatedly through large angles without undergoing catastrophic failure. 5 In our previous paper, we reported that a change in the direction of flattening of a carbon nanotube, grown from an Fe catalyst particle by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), resulted in the formation of a carbon nanotetrahedron in the middle of a carbon nanoribbon.…”

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In situ transmission electron microscopy of individual carbon nanotetrahedron/ribbon structures in bending

Kohno

Masuda

2015

Applied Physics Letters

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When the direction of flattening of a carbon nanotube changes during growth mediated by a metal nanoparticle, a carbon nanotetrahedron is formed in the middle of the carbon nanoribbon. We report the bending properties of the carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structure using a micromanipulator system in a transmission electron microscope. In many cases, bending occurs at an edge of the carbon nanotetrahedron. No significant change is observed in the tetrahedron's shape during bending, and the bending is reversible and repeatable. Our results show that the carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structure has good durability against mechanical bending. In our previous paper, we reported that a change in the direction of flattening of a carbon nanotube, grown from an Fe catalyst particle by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), resulted in the formation of a carbon nanotetrahedron in the middle of a carbon nanoribbon. 11 We expect that the carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structure inherits the excellent properties of CNTs and carbon nanoribbons. Furthermore, it might be possible to obtain additional unique properties owing to the presence of the carbon nanotetrahedra or to find ways of utilizing the structure's characteristics. An example would be to use the structure for three-dimensional wiring, exploiting its shape having two directions of flattening. In order to examine whether our carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structures can be used for this purpose, we have examined their durability against Joule heating in a transmission electron microscope, and revealed that the nanotetrahedra were as stable as CNTs. 12 When using the carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structure in flexible devices, it is also important to understand its durability against mechanical strain. In this paper, we focus on the mechanical behavior of the carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structure under bending. Its structure during bending is observed in situ in a TEM.In our simplified CVD growth of carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structures, a 20-nm-thick layer of Fe was deposited on a Si (100) substrate, whose surface was roughened using SiC powder to obtain a fresh surface. Then, the sample was sealed in an evacuated silica tube (inner diameter ¼ 6 mm; length % 20 cm) with 0.8 mg of hexadecanoic acid [C 15 H 31 C(¼O)OH] as a carbon source. The sample was heated at 1000 C for 30 min, then cooled to room temperature after the growth. The grown carbon nanostructures were mounted on a Au wire by scratching the Au wire on the substrate on which the carbon nanostructures were grown for in situ TEM observation of bending. The Au wire was mounted on a TEM sample holder equipped with a piezo-driven micromanipulator. An electrochemically sharpened W needle was used as a mobile probe. Charge coupled device (CCD) camera images were recorded at a frame rate of about 2.6 fps with a resolution of 512 Â 512 pixels during in situ observations of bending. For simple TEM observations, the carbon nanotetrahedron/nanoribbon structures were mounted on a carbon microgr...

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TEM observations of buckling and fracture modes for compressed thick multiwall carbon nanotubes

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Buckling of Carbon Nanotubes: A State of the Art Review

Buckling of Carbon Nanotubes: A State of the Art Review

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

In situ transmission electron microscopy of individual carbon nanotetrahedron/ribbon structures in bending

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