Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

Abstract

a b s t r a c tTemperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development. Warmer temperatures expected with climate change and the potential for more extreme temperature events will impact plant productivity. Pollination is one of the most sensitive phenological stages to temperature extremes across all species and during this developmental stage temperature extremes would greatly affect production. Few adaptation strategies are available to cope with temperature extremes at this developmental stage other than to select for plants which shed pollen during the cooler periods of the day or are indeterminate so flowering occurs over a longer period of the growing season. In controlled environment studies, warm temperatures increased the rate of phenological development; however, there was no effect on leaf area or vegetative biomass compared to normal temperatures. The major impact of warmer temperatures was during the reproductive stage of development and in all cases grain yield in maize was significantly reduced by as much as 80 À 90% from a normal temperature regime. Temperature effects are increased by water deficits and excess soil water demonstrating that understanding the interaction of temperature and water will be needed to develop more effective adaptation strategies to offset the impacts of greater temperature extreme events associated with a changing climate. & 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Identification and characterization of the BZR transcription factor family and its expression in response to abiotic stresses in Zea mays L.

“…For salt stress, a 100 mM NaCl concentration, which corresponds to severe salt stress in maize (Farooq et al 2015;Henry et al 2015;Zörb et al 2015), was employed. Finally, an intense heat stress, generally greater than 4 °C above optimum that in the case of maize is 25 °C (Hatfield and Prueger 2015), was performed by growing seedlings in a day/night cycle at 35/30 °C air temperature. After 5 days, control and treated plants were harvested by cutting the seedlings in four different parts (as illustrated in Fig.…”

Multi-spark discharge system for preparation of nutritious water

“…In the control of light, effective lights for the photosynthesis of plants are provided efficiently 2,3 . In temperature control, the optimum temperature is maintained for plant growth 4,5 . One of the nutrient control methods in protected horticulture is nutriculture [6][7][8] , is a cultivation method using a liquid nutrient that does not use soil.…”

Effect of Planting Date on Accumulated Temperature and Maize Growth under Mulched Drip Irrigation in a Middle-Latitude Area with Frequent Chilling Injury

“…In cold middle-latitude regions, the limitation of PD delay should be based on the required accumulated temperature for crop growth [9]. Maize growth is accelerated with PD postponement, leading to a shortening growth period and an adverse effect on biomass accumulation [10,11]. Moreover, delayed sowing increases the probability of early autumn freezing occurring at latter stages in maize growth, thereby restraining grain maturity and leading to output reduction [12,13].…”