Temperature of Potato and Tomato Leaves

Waggoner, Paul E.; Shaw, R. H.

doi:10.1104/pp.27.4.710

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Bacteria, fungi or viruses have no negative surface charges that attract them to the highly charged diluent surfaces (Burns 1979). Thus, microbial become trapped within the diluent aggregates, and this could reduce the susceptibility of the organism to desiccation and other adverse environmental conditions (Waggoner and Show 1952). Silica powder acts not only by drying, but also by absorbing destabilizing byproducts of fungal metabolism (Wraight and Carruthers 1999) and by preventing growth of contaminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stabilizers on shelf-life of Epicoccum nigrum formulations and their relationship with biocontrol of postharvest brown rot by Monilinia of peaches

Larena¹,

Cal²,

Melgarejo³

2007

J Appl Microbiol

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Aim: To find a formulation of Epicoccum nigrum conidia that maintains a high viability over time and which proves efficient to biocontrol peach rot caused by Monilinia spp. Methods and Results: We tested the effect of stabilizers and desiccants on the shelf‐life of Epicoccum nigrum conidia. Conidial samples were dried for 40 min at 40°C in a fluidized bed‐dryer to obtain moisture contents <15%. The toxicity of additives was tested by assaying production of conidia in fermentations and germinability of the produced conidia: 50% PEG300, 10%–5% KCl (stabilizers) and 95·24% Cl2Ca (desiccant) significantly (P = 0·05) reduced conidial germination. To enhance shelf‐life of dried conidia, nontoxic stabilizers were added at the following different stages of the production‐drying process: (i) to substrate contained in bags before production, (ii) to conidial centrifuge pellets obtained after production, before filtering and drying, (iii) to conidial centrifuge pellets obtained after production, before adding talc and drying, and (iv) to conidial centrifuge pellets obtained after production, before adding silica powder and drying. Conidial germinability was tested at 0, 180 and 365 days after storage at room temperature. Shelf‐life of formulations retaining the highest viability were conidia produced with 1% KCl or 50% PEG 8000, conidia dried with 2·5% methylcellulose, and conidia dried with 1% KCl + silica powder. All these formulations improved the shelf‐life of E. nigrum conidia and significantly reduced brown rot on peaches. Conclusions: Our results show that additives improve the shelf‐life of E. nigrum and assist controlling brown rot on peaches. Significance and Impact of the Study: New improved formulations of a biocontrol agent have been obtained which will improve the control of Monilinia on peach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stabilizers on shelf-life of Epicoccum nigrum formulations and their relationship with biocontrol of postharvest brown rot by Monilinia of peaches

Larena¹,

Cal²,

Melgarejo³

2007

J Appl Microbiol

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“…This was in part due to the compensation achieved by measuring the air temperature with thermocouples (Waggoner and Shaw, 1952). But the great differences between leaf temperatures measured with vertical and horizontal insertion, point to a large heat carry-off by the wire material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Temperatures in a Gas Exchange Chamber and in the Open Air

Seibert¹,

Koch²,

Eller³

1980

J Exp Bot

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Leaf temperatures in a Koch fully climatized gas-exchange chamber as designed by Siemens and in a similarly equipped open-air reference were measured with horizontally and vertically inserted thermocouples on Nerium oleander L. On a sunny day with only little air movement and an average air temperature of 20-4 °C, leaf over-temperatures in the gas-exchange chamber were lower on average by 2-2 K. The extent of reduction of over-temperature in the chamber is determined by the reduced global radiation in the chamber and the differences of wind velocities in chamber and reference. Differences in the ventilation intensity in the chamber have no demonstrable influence on the leaf over-temperatures. The over-temperatures of the reference leaves, on the other hand, depend to a large degree on air velocity. The changed radiation and air flow conditions in the chamber as compared with open-air conditions have consequences for the physiological reactions of the enclosed plant and must be taken into account when comparing results from gas-exchange measurements with open-air conditions. For further improvements of gas-exchange measurement equipment, air flow conditions and radiation quantity and quality might be starting points INTRODUCTION

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“…Most of these are descriptive. However, Waggoner and Shaw (1952) satisfactorily explained their leaf temperatures by substituting heat-transfer coefficients, from the literature, in their transfer equations. Poppendiek (1953) determined the radiation and convection conductances for an orange, calculated the fruit temperatures based on meteorological factors, and showed the agreement with measured tern-peratures, Since leaf temperature is the potential where the several modes of heat transfer are in equilibrium, the conductances determined for radiation, transpiration, and convective transfer of citrus leaves shown in Table 5 should be useful in estimating the nocturnal heat exchange of a given leaf under similar temperature conditions in a grove.…”

Section: Leaf Temperatures Under Natural Condi-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal Thermal Exchange of Citrus Leaves

Turrell

Austin

Perry

1962

American J of Botany

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Turrell, F. M., S. W. Austin, and R. L. Perry. (U. California, Riverside & Los Angeles.) Nocturnal thermal exchange of citrus leaves. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(2) : 97–109. Illus. 1962.—Cooling rates of leaves were measured with fine thermocouples inserted within the leaf laminae. From these rates, total thermal conductances were calculated for leaves of intact greenhouse‐grown lemon cuttings, in the dark, in still air and moving air, and in open laboratory rooms of warm to freezing temperatures. Thermal conductances were also calculated for leaves of 4 commercial varieties of citrus picked from mature trees in the grove and measured in low light, in still air, in a microcosm at warm, constant temperatures. The total conductances were fractionated, first, by determining transpiration rates of detached leaves from both sources, in darkness and in still or moving air, through similar temperature ranges and humidities. From transpiration rates, transpiration conductances were calculated. Second fractions (radiation conductances) were calculated for lemon leaves from far‐infrared reflectances; and the third fractions (free‐convection conductances) were calculated by subtraction of the sum of the radiation and transpiration conductances from the total. A free‐convection‐conductance coefficient was calculated for lemon, and then applied to 3 other varieties of citrus for which infrared reflectances were unavailable, to obtain their free‐convection conductances. These together with experimentally determined transpiration and total conductances permitted calculation of their radiation fractions. The conductances have been tested for 6 different measured microclimates in which the calculated leaf temperatures averaged ± 0.6 C of the measured temperatures, an error compatible with the precision of field temperature measurements. Total thermal conductances of lemon leaves were higher in both warm, still and warm moving air than in cold, whereas the radiation and free‐convection fractions were about equal in still air. The transpiration fractions were very small in warm, still or warm moving air but negligible in cold. In cold still and cold moving air, all the conductances were larger for orange fruit than for lemon leaves. Leaves of plants native to tropical rain forests were more efficient in heat transfer than were leaves from the temperate zone.

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Temperature of Potato and Tomato Leaves

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of stabilizers on shelf-life of Epicoccum nigrum formulations and their relationship with biocontrol of postharvest brown rot by Monilinia of peaches

Effects of stabilizers on shelf-life of Epicoccum nigrum formulations and their relationship with biocontrol of postharvest brown rot by Monilinia of peaches

Leaf Temperatures in a Gas Exchange Chamber and in the Open Air

Nocturnal Thermal Exchange of Citrus Leaves

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