Temperature-tuned ferromagnetism in hydrogenated multilayer graphene

Abstract

Improving the ferromagnetism properties of pure carbon-based materials is extremely important for their application in spintronics. Hydrogenation of graphene is an effective way to induce magnetic moment into graphene with the advantage of reversibility. However, little experimental work has been done to prove the effect of hydrogen on the magnetic properties of graphene so far, except for systems containing a large amount of oxygen or plasma-induced vacancy which complicated the magnetic origin. Here we report a facile electrochemical cathodic method to generate hydrogenated multilayer graphene or few-layer graphite using graphite powder as the raw material, and observed hydrogen-induced ferromagnetism in samples annealed at different temperatures. The observed results suggest that ferromagnetism of hydrogenated multilayer graphene can be tuned by high temperature treatment, which is attributed to a changeable relative amount of hydrogen atoms chemisorpted on two different sublattices during thermal treatment.

Observation of critical magnetic behavior in 2D carbon based composites

“…Thus, controlled doping of hydrogen atoms in 2D carbon materials may produce magnetic moments by ferromagnetic coupling that induces a long-distance ferromagnetic ordering in H-doped graphene materials. 71–73 Similarly, absorption of fluorine can induce a magnetic moment, depending on the concentration of fluorine adatoms, as explained in a later subsection. 74 …”

Nonmetal Schiff-Base Complex-Anchored Cellulose as a Novel and Reusable Catalyst for the Solvent-Free Ring-Opening Addition of CO2 with Epoxides

“…As shown in Figure S1, two intense transmission bands were observed at 1783 and 1176 cm –1 . These bands are attributed to the stretching vibration of the CO and C–O bonds in propylene carbonate, respectively . Therefore, the formation of cyclic carbonate in the catalytic reaction can be confirmed.…”

“…These bands are attributed to the stretching vibration of the CO and C−O bonds in propylene carbonate, respectively. 71 Therefore, the formation of cyclic carbonate in the catalytic reaction can be confirmed. To confirm the structure of the cyclic carbonate, 1 55,72 The reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature, CO 2 pressure, and reaction time were further varied to optimize their effect on the reaction efficiency.…”

Electronic and Magnetic Diversity of Graphone/Graphene Superlattices

“…The hydrogen-functionalized multilayer graphene has been fabricated in the experiments and it exhibited the ferromagnetism because of H atoms adsorbed on the sole sublattice of graphene. − The graphone/graphene bilayer has been fabricated in the experiments . The above-room temperature ferromagnetism of H-functionalized graphene is found in the experiments . Centimeter-scale and highly crystalline two-dimensional alcohol has been fabricated in the experiments …”

“…45 The above-room temperature ferromagnetism of Hfunctionalized graphene is found in the experiments. 46 Centimeter-scale and highly crystalline two-dimensional alcohol has been fabricated in the experiments. 50 The structures of hydrogen-functionalized bilayer graphene are shown in Figure 1a,b.…”