2007
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600191
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Template‐Directed Control of Crystal Morphologies

Abstract: Biominerals are characterised by unique morphologies, and it is a long-term synthetic goal to reproduce these synthetically. We here apply a range of templating routes to investigate whether a fascinating category of biominerals, the single crystals with complex forms, can be produced using simple synthetic methods. Macroporous crystals with sponge-like morphologies identical to that of sea urchin skeletal plates were produced on templating with a sponge-like polymer membrane. Similarly, patterning of individu… Show more

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Cited by 42 publications
(40 citation statements)
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“…Such a crystallisation mechanism produces unusual mineralised collagen entities that resemble the monolithic single-crystal structure in sea urchin spines [40] or siliceous bioskeletons [41], albeit within the nanoscale internal environment of a collagen fibril. In this polymer-induced liquid precursor [16] or polymer-assisted moulding process [42], single crystals without definitive crystalline planes may be created that bend around curvatures and contain porosities. Although this mineralisation mechanism is important in amorphous calcium carbonate and amorphous silica-based biomineralisation systems, formation of a single crystal with curvature and fenestrations is not what Nature has intended apatite to be deposited within collagen fibrils in vertebrates to achieve their load bearing function [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such a crystallisation mechanism produces unusual mineralised collagen entities that resemble the monolithic single-crystal structure in sea urchin spines [40] or siliceous bioskeletons [41], albeit within the nanoscale internal environment of a collagen fibril. In this polymer-induced liquid precursor [16] or polymer-assisted moulding process [42], single crystals without definitive crystalline planes may be created that bend around curvatures and contain porosities. Although this mineralisation mechanism is important in amorphous calcium carbonate and amorphous silica-based biomineralisation systems, formation of a single crystal with curvature and fenestrations is not what Nature has intended apatite to be deposited within collagen fibrils in vertebrates to achieve their load bearing function [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This result suggests that heterogeneous nucleation occurred with charge influence of the monolayer, which does not have epitaxial relations towards Ca 2+ ions in the bulk 32. Along with the role of the insoluble biological polymers, Meldram et al reported experimental evidence on a template‐induced mineralization with the influence of the insoluble matrix, which forms small compartments for shaping the biogenic crystals, and reproduced the complicated shapes of a sea urchin skeleton using an inert polymer scaffold without any soluble additives 33…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In biomimetic mineralization of type I collagen, Dr. Gower and colleagues pioneered a process based on formation of a polymer-induced liquid- precursor (PILP) system [54,64]. The plasticity of liquid amorphous mineral precursors allows them to take the shape of their containers, resulting in a variety of biominerals with different hierarchical structures [65,66]. Using the PILP concept, Gower and colleagues were successful in mineralizing a variety of organic matrices with both calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, including intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen matrices by carbonated apatite [47,67,68].…”
Section: Changing Concepts Of Calcium Phosphate Biomineralizationmentioning
confidence: 99%